Book 4: Property
Ownership, possession, usufruct, superficies, servitudes, right of habitation, mortgage.
Sections 1298 to 1434
Annotated sections in this Book
- §1298 Limited number of real rights Limited number of real rights.
- §1299 Registration of real rights in immovables An acquisition by juristic act of immovable property, or of a real right in it, is not complete at all unless the act is made…
- §1300 Cancelling a registration that prejudices an earlier right A person who was already in a position to have his own right registered may call for the cancellation of a registered transfer of immovable…
- §1301
- §1302
- §1303
- §1304 The public domain of the State comprises property held for public use or the common benefit, including waste land, roads, rivers, and dedicated public property,…
- §1305
- §1306
- §1307
- §1308 Land formed naturally by alluvion (gradual deposit of soil by water) at the bank of a riparian owner's land becomes part of that owner's land…
- §1309
- §1310
- §1311
- §1312
- §1313
- §1314
- §1315
- §1316
- §1317
- §1318
- §1319
- §1320
- §1321
- §1322
- §1323
- §1324
- §1325
- §1326
- §1327
- §1328
- §1329
- §1330 A person who in good faith purchases property at a court-ordered auction or official receiver's sale acquires unassailable title even if the property did not…
- §1331
- §1332
- §1333
- §1334
- §1335
- §1336 Right of owner to recover property and to prevent unlawful interference An owner can use, dispose of, and take the income from their property, and can demand its return from anyone holding it without right. This…
- §1337
- §1338
- §1339
- §1340
- §1341
- §1342
- §1343
- §1344
- §1345
- §1346
- §1347
- §1348
- §1349 Way of necessity over surrounding land If your land has no road access because other land surrounds it, you may cross neighbouring land to reach the public road, but you must…
- §1350
- §1351
- §1352
- §1353
- §1354
- §1355
- §1356
- §1357
- §1358
- §1359
- §1360 Co-owner's right to use, and to the fruits
- §1361 Each co-owner may freely dispose of, mortgage, or encumber their own share, but any act affecting the property as a whole requires the unanimous consent…
- §1362
- §1363
- §1364
- §1365
- §1366
- §1367 Possession, definition A person who holds a thing with intention to hold it for themselves acquires possession of it.
- §1368
- §1369
- §1370
- §1371
- §1372
- §1373
- §1374
- §1375 A possessor unlawfully deprived of possession may reclaim it within one year of dispossession, unless the other party holds a better right; after one year,…
- §1376 Returning property to the person entitled
- §1377
- §1378 Transfer of possession is effected by delivery of the property possessed. Transfer without physical delivery, by declaration of intention, is governed by Sections 1379 and…
- §1379
- §1380
- §1381 Change in character of possession by a representative possessor A person who holds property as a representative of the possessor (e.g., an heir managing the estate, or a buyer who paid but cannot yet…
- §1382 Adverse possession, ten years (immovable) / five years (movable) If you possess someone else's land peacefully, openly, and as if you owned it for ten unbroken years (five for movables), you become the legal…
- §1383
- §1384
- §1385
- §1386
- §1387 Servitude, definition A servitude is a real right by which one piece of land (the servient land) is subjected to a charge for the benefit of another…
- §1388
- §1389
- §1390 The servient landowner must not perform any act that reduces the utility of the servitude or makes it less convenient for the dominant owner to…
- §1391 Dominant owner's right to preserve and use the servitude เจ้าของสามยทรัพย์มีสิทธิทำการทุกอย่างอันจำเป็นเพื่อรักษาและใช้ภาระจำยอม โดยต้องเสียค่าใช้จ่ายของตนเอง และต้องก่อความเสียหายแก่ภารยทรัพย์แต่น้อยที่สุดตามพฤติการณ์ ทั้งต้องรักษาซ่อมแซมสิ่งที่ได้ทำไปแล้วให้อยู่ในสภาพดี แต่ถ้าเจ้าของภารยทรัพย์ได้รับประโยชน์ด้วย ก็ต้องออกค่าใช้จ่ายตามส่วนแห่งประโยชน์ที่ได้รับ
- §1392
- §1393
- §1394
- §1395
- §1396
- §1397
- §1398
- §1399 A servitude is extinguished by non-use for ten continuous years; once extinguished, it cannot be revived and the servient land is free of the burden.
- §1400
- §1401 A servitude may be acquired by ten years' continuous, open, adverse use of the servient land, the adverse possession rules of section 1382 apply by…
- §1402 Right of habitation, definition A person granted the right of habitation may live, free of rent, in a dwelling on another's land, for a term that may extend to…
- §1403 Habitation, duration and renewal A right of habitation may be granted for a fixed period or for the life of the holder. If no period is fixed, it may…
- §1404 Right of habitation is not transferable, even by inheritance A right of habitation is strictly personal to the grantee. It cannot be sold, assigned or otherwise transferred, and it does not pass to the…
- §1405
- §1406 Grantee may take natural fruits for household needs Unless the grantor has expressly forbidden it, a person holding a right of habitation may take the natural fruits or products of the land, but…
- §1407 No duty to repair, and no reimbursement for improvements Two rules, both favouring the grantor. The grantor is not bound to keep the property in a good state of repair, so a person holding…
- §1408
- §1409 Duties of a habitation holder, applying the hire rules
- §1410 Superficies, definition Superficies is the registered right to own buildings, structures, or plantations on another's land, separately from the land itself.
- §1411 Superficies is transferable and inheritable มาตรานี้กำหนดว่า ถ้ามิได้กำหนดไว้เป็นอย่างอื่นในนิติกรรมอันก่อให้เกิดสิทธิเหนือพื้นดิน สิทธิเหนือพื้นดินนั้นอาจโอนได้และรับมรดกกันได้
- §1412 Superficies may be granted for a fixed term or for life A right of superficies may be created either for a period of time, or for the life of the landowner, or for the life of…
- §1413 Terminating a superficies with no fixed period ถ้าสิทธิเหนือพื้นดินไม่มีกำหนดเวลา คู่กรณีฝ่ายใดจะบอกเลิกเสียในเวลาใดก็ได้ แต่ต้องบอกกล่าวล่วงหน้าแก่อีกฝ่ายหนึ่งตามสมควร ถ้ามีค่าเช่าซึ่งจำต้องให้แก่กัน ต้องบอกกล่าวล่วงหน้าหนึ่งปี หรือให้ค่าเช่าหนึ่งปี
- §1414 Termination for breach of conditions or two years' unpaid rent The other party may terminate a right of superficies on either of two grounds: the superficiary neglects to comply with an essential condition of the…
- §1415 Superficies survives destruction of the buildings มาตรานี้กำหนดว่า สิทธิเหนือพื้นดินไม่สิ้นไปโดยเหตุที่โรงเรือน สิ่งปลูกสร้าง หรือสิ่งเพาะปลูกสลายไป แม้การสลายนั้นจะเป็นเพราะเหตุสุดวิสัย
- §1416 Removal of buildings on extinction, and the owner's right to buy When a right of superficies is extinguished, the superficiary may take away his buildings, structures and plantations, provided he restores the land to its former…
- §1417 Usufruct, definition A usufruct gives a person the right to possess, use and take the fruits and income of another person's immovable property, and the right to…
- §1418 Usufruct: duration, and termination on death A usufruct may be created for a fixed period or for the life of the usufructuary. If no period is fixed, it is presumed to…
- §1419 Usufruct, usufructuary's obligations ถ้าทรัพย์สินที่มีสิทธิเก็บกินสลายไปโดยไม่ได้ค่าทดแทน เจ้าของไม่จำต้องทำให้คืนดี แต่ถ้าเจ้าของทำให้คืนดีขึ้นเพียงใด สิทธิเก็บกินก็กลับมีขึ้นเพียงนั้น ถ้าได้ค่าทดแทน เจ้าของหรือผู้ทรงสิทธิเก็บกินต้องทำให้ทรัพย์สินคืนดีเท่าที่ทำได้ตามจำนวนค่าทดแทนที่ได้รับ และถ้าพ้นวิสัยที่จะทำให้คืนดี สิทธิเก็บกินย่อมสิ้นไป
- §1420 Return of the property and liability when usufruct ends When a usufruct ends the usufructuary must return the property to the owner. He is liable if it has been destroyed or has fallen in…
- §1421 The usufructuary's duty of care In exercising his rights the usufructuary must take as much care of the property as a person of ordinary prudence would take of his own.…
- §1422 Transferring the exercise of a usufruct to a third person Unless the act creating the usufruct provides otherwise, the usufructuary may transfer the exercise of the right to a third person. That is what allows…
- §1423 Owner's objection, security, and appointment of a receiver The owner may object to any unlawful or unreasonable use of the property, and if he proves his rights are in peril he may require…
- §1424 Ordinary maintenance by the usufructuary, major repairs by the owner The usufructuary must keep the substance of the property unaltered and is responsible for ordinary maintenance and petty repairs. Where important repairs or measures are…
- §1425 Extraordinary expenses fall on the owner All extraordinary expenses must be borne by the owner. To meet them, or the cost of major repairs under Section 1424, the owner may realise…
- §1426 Usufructuary bears management costs, taxes and interest For as long as the usufruct lasts, the usufructuary bears the expenses of managing the property, pays the taxes and duties on it, and is…
- §1427 Insurance of the property at the usufructuary's expense If the owner requires it, the usufructuary must insure the property against loss for the owner's benefit, and where it is already insured he must…
- §1428 Usufruct, extinguishment คดีอันเกี่ยวกับสิทธิเก็บกินระหว่างเจ้าของทรัพย์สินกับผู้ทรงสิทธิเก็บกินหรือผู้รับโอน ห้ามฟ้องเมื่อพ้นหนึ่งปีนับแต่วันที่สิทธิเก็บกินสิ้นสุดลง แต่ถ้าเจ้าของทรัพย์สินเป็นโจทก์และไม่อาจรู้ว่าสิทธิเก็บกินสิ้นสุดลงเมื่อใด ให้นับหนึ่งปีนั้นตั้งแต่เวลาที่เจ้าของได้รู้หรือควรรู้ว่าสิทธิเก็บกินสิ้นสุดลง
- §1429 Right of charge, definition Right of charge, definition.
- §1430
- §1431
- §1432 Termination of the beneficiary of a charge
- §1433
- §1434