Section 823
Statutory text (Thai original)
ถ้าตัวแทนกระทำการอันใดอันหนึ่งโดยปราศจากอำนาจก็ดี หรือทำนอกทำเหนือขอบอำนาจก็ดี ท่านว่าย่อมไม่ผูกพันตัวการ เว้นแต่ตัวการจะให้สัตยาบันแก่การนั้นถ้าตัวการไม่ให้สัตยาบัน ท่านว่าตัวแทนย่อมต้องรับผิดต่อบุคคลภายนอกโดยลำพังตนเอง เว้นแต่จะพิสูจน์ได้ว่าบุคคลภายนอกนั้นได้รู้อยู่ว่าตนทำการโดยปราศจากอำนาจหรือทำนอกเหนือขอบอำนาจ
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
If an agent does an act without authority or beyond the scope of his authority, such act does not bind the principal unless he ratifies it. If the principal does not ratify, the agent is personally liable to third persons, unless he proves that such third persons knew he was acting without authority or beyond the scope of the authority.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 823 is part of Book 3 (Specific Contracts) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Cited in 80 Supreme Court decisions (1952 to 2022)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 2155/2564 (2021)
- Decision 760/2563 (2020)
- Decision 7394/2561 (2018)
- Decision 3616/2558 (2015)
- Decision 3349-3350/2558 (2015)
- Decision 713/2557 (2014)
- Decision 10625/2554 (2011)
- Decision 6324/2552 (2009)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Most often cited alongside
- Section 1167 11
- Section 728 7
- Section 812 6
- Section 798 6
- Section 224 5
- Section 1720 5
Sections that appear in the same judgments as this one most often. The figure is the number of decisions.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
-
Plain citation
Civil and Commercial Code, s. 823 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 823. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-823/ (accessed 8 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 823 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-823/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-823/"><p>If an agent does an act without authority or beyond the scope of his authority, such act does not bind the principal unless he ratifies it. If the principal does not ratify, the agent is personally liable to third persons, unless he proves that such…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 823 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-823/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.