Section 254: Provisional measures before judgment
Statutory text (Thai original)
ในคดีอื่น ๆ นอกจากคดีมโนสาเร่ โจทก์ชอบที่จะยื่นต่อศาลพร้อมกับคำฟ้องหรือในเวลาใด ๆ ก่อนพิพากษา ซึ่งคำขอฝ่ายเดียว ร้องขอให้ศาลมีคำสั่งภายในบังคับแห่งเงื่อนไขซึ่งจะกล่าวต่อไป เพื่อจัดให้มีวิธีคุ้มครองใด ๆ ดังต่อไปนี้
(๑) ให้ยึดหรืออายัดทรัพย์สินที่พิพาทหรือทรัพย์สินของจำเลยทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วนไว้ก่อนพิพากษา รวมทั้งจำนวนเงินหรือทรัพย์สินของบุคคลภายนอกซึ่งถึงกำหนดชำระแก่จำเลย
(๒) ให้ศาลมีคำสั่งห้ามชั่วคราวมิให้จำเลยกระทำซ้ำหรือกระทำต่อไป ซึ่งการละเมิดหรือการผิดสัญญาหรือการกระทำที่ถูกฟ้องร้อง หรือมีคำสั่งอื่นใดในอันที่จะบรรเทาความเดือดร้อนเสียหายที่โจทก์อาจได้รับต่อไปเนื่องจากการกระทำของจำเลยหรือมีคำสั่งห้ามชั่วคราวมิให้จำเลยโอน ขาย ยักย้ายหรือจำหน่ายซึ่งทรัพย์สินที่พิพาทหรือทรัพย์สินของจำเลย หรือมีคำสั่งให้หยุดหรือป้องกันการเปลืองไปเปล่าหรือการบุบสลายซึ่งทรัพย์สินดังกล่าว ทั้งนี้ จนกว่าคดีจะถึงที่สุดหรือศาลจะมีคำสั่งเป็นอย่างอื่น
(๓) ให้ศาลมีคำสั่งให้นายทะเบียน พนักงานเจ้าหน้าที่ หรือบุคคลอื่นผู้มีอำนาจหน้าที่ตามกฎหมาย ระงับการจดทะเบียน การแก้ไขเปลี่ยนแปลงทางทะเบียน หรือการเพิกถอน การจดทะเบียนที่เกี่ยวกับทรัพย์สินที่พิพาทหรือทรัพย์สินของจำเลยหรือที่เกี่ยวกับการกระทำที่ถูกฟ้องร้องไว้ชั่วคราวจนกว่าคดีจะถึงที่สุดหรือศาลจะมีคำสั่งเป็นอย่างอื่น ทั้งนี้ เท่าที่ไม่ขัดหรือแย้งต่อบทบัญญัติแห่งกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้อง
(๔) ให้จับกุมและกักขังจำเลยไว้ชั่วคราวในระหว่างระยะเวลานับแต่ศาลชั้นต้นหรือศาลอุทธรณ์ได้อ่านคำพิพากษา หรือคำสั่งชี้ขาดคดี หรือชี้ขาดอุทธรณ์ไปจนถึงเวลาที่ศาลชั้นต้นได้ส่งสำนวนความที่อุทธรณ์หรือฎีกาไปยังศาลอุทธรณ์หรือศาลฎีกา แล้วแต่กรณี คำขอตามมาตรานี้ให้ยื่นต่อศาลชั้นต้น ให้ศาลชั้นต้นมีอำนาจที่จะสั่งอนุญาตหรือยกคำขอเช่นว่านี้
English translation
In cases other than petty cases, the plaintiff is entitled to file with the court, together with the plaint or at any time before judgment, an ex parte application asking the court to make an order, subject to the conditions set out below, to provide any of the following protective measures:
(1) to seize or attach, before judgment, the disputed property or the whole or part of the defendant's property, including any sum of money or property of a third person that is due to be paid or delivered to the defendant;
(2) to make an order temporarily restraining the defendant from repeating or continuing the tort, the breach of contract, or the act complained of, or any other order to relieve the injury or damage the plaintiff may continue to suffer from the defendant's act, or an order temporarily restraining the defendant from transferring, selling, removing, or disposing of the disputed property or the defendant's property, or an order to stop or prevent the waste or deterioration of such property, until the case becomes final or the court orders otherwise;
(3) to order the registrar, competent official, or other person having authority under the law to suspend, temporarily, the registration, the alteration of a registration, or the revocation of a registration relating to the disputed property or the defendant's property, or relating to the act complained of, until the case becomes final or the court orders otherwise, so far as this does not conflict with the provisions of the relevant law;
(4) to arrest and detain the defendant temporarily during the period from when the court of first instance or the Court of Appeal has read the judgment or the order deciding the case or deciding the appeal, until the time the court of first instance has forwarded the case record on appeal or dika to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court, as the case may be.
An application under this section shall be filed with the court of first instance, and the court of first instance shall have power to grant or dismiss such an application.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 254 is the core of the provisional-measures regime, letting a plaintiff lock down the status quo before judgment so that a later win is not hollow. It offers four tools: pre-judgment seizure or attachment, including of third-party debts owed to the defendant (item 1); temporary injunctions against continuing wrongs or against disposing of or wasting property (item 2); suspension of registrations affecting the disputed or the defendant's property (item 3); and, exceptionally, temporary arrest and detention of the defendant within a narrow window tied to the appeal process (item 4). The application is ex parte, filed with the court of first instance, which alone grants or refuses it. The conditions and safeguards for these measures follow in Sections 255 onward, and the court cannot use Section 254 once a case has reached the execution stage.
Why this matters in practice
If you fear the defendant will hide assets, sell the disputed property, or push through a registration before you can win, a Section 254 application filed with your plaint can freeze the position early, and because it is ex parte the defendant is not warned first. Prepare strong supporting evidence, because the court weighs the request carefully and the later sections impose safeguards, including possible liability if the measure was wrongly obtained. Note that these measures are unavailable once the case is at the execution stage. Our litigation and asset-recovery team regularly obtains and defends such orders.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 8324/2560 (2017)
A plaintiff may seek provisional measures under Section 254(2) and (3), such as a temporary injunction and suspension of registration, by filing the application together with the plaint before judgment.
The plaintiffs filed an application for provisional protection under Section 254(2) and (3) together with their plaint, seeking to restrain the defendants' conduct and to suspend related registration steps pending the case.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 14002/2558 (2015)
The provisional measures in Section 254 are not available once a case has reached the execution stage, so a court cannot make such an order at that point.
The plaintiff asked the Supreme Court for a provisional order barring the defendant from dealing with the disputed land. The Court held that, because the case was already at the execution stage, the request fell outside the Supreme Court's power under Section 254.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 7649/2560 (2017)
A provisional attachment of the disputed property before judgment is granted under Section 254(1), and a party who does not challenge the sufficiency of the grounds for the measure cannot later have it revoked on that basis.
The defendants had not challenged, on dika, whether there were sufficient grounds for the provisional attachment ordered under Section 254(1), so the orders of the lower courts could not be revoked on that ground.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 121 Supreme Court decisions (1947 to 2019)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 8324/2560 (2017)
- Decision 7649/2560 (2017)
- Decision 3883-3884/2559 (2016)
- Decision 5740/2558 (2015)
- Decision 14002/2558 (2015)
- Decision 3532/2558 (2015)
- Decision 7695/2557 (2014)
- Decision 8402/2556 (2013)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Most often cited alongside
- Section 255 27
- Section 264 18
- Section 260 11
- Section 290 11
- Section 266 7
- Section 261 6
Sections that appear in the same judgments as this one most often. The figure is the number of decisions.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Frequently asked questions
What protective measures can a plaintiff ask for before judgment?
Under Section 254 a plaintiff may seek pre-judgment seizure or attachment of property, temporary injunctions, suspension of registrations, and, in limited cases, temporary arrest and detention of the defendant.
Is the defendant notified before a Section 254 order?
Not at the application stage. The application is ex parte and filed with the court of first instance, which alone grants or dismisses it.
Can provisional measures be sought once the case is being enforced?
No. The Supreme Court has held that Section 254 does not apply at the execution stage, so these measures cannot be obtained after a case reaches enforcement.
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
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Plain citation
Civil Procedure Code, s. 254 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil Procedure Code (Thailand), s. 254. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-254/ (accessed 11 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.วิ.พ. มาตรา 254 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-254/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-254/"><p>In cases other than petty cases, the plaintiff is entitled to file with the court, together with the plaint or at any time before judgment, an ex parte application asking the court to make an order, subject to the conditions set out below, to provide…</p><footer>Civil Procedure Code, s. 254 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-254/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.