Section 274 — Ten-year period to apply for execution
Texte légal (original thaï)
ถ้าคู่ความหรือบุคคลซึ่งเป็นฝ่ายแพ้คดีหรือบุคคลที่ศาลมีคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งให้ชำระหนี้ (ลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษา) มิได้ปฏิบัติตามคำบังคับที่ออกตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วน คู่ความหรือบุคคลซึ่งเป็นฝ่ายชนะคดีหรือบุคคลที่ศาลมีคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งให้ได้รับชำระหนี้ (เจ้าหนี้ตามคำพิพากษา) ชอบที่จะร้องขอให้มีการบังคับคดีโดยวิธียึดทรัพย์สิน อายัดสิทธิเรียกร้อง หรือบังคับคดีโดยวิธีอื่นตามบทบัญญัติแห่งภาคนี้ภายในสิบปีนับแต่วันที่มีคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่ง และถ้าเจ้าหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาได้ร้องขอให้เจ้าพนักงานบังคับคดียึดทรัพย์สินหรืออายัดสิทธิเรียกร้องใดไว้ หรือได้ดำเนินการบังคับคดีโดยวิธีอื่นไว้บางส่วนแล้วภายในระยะเวลาดังกล่าว ก็ให้ดำเนินการบังคับคดีแก่ทรัพย์สินหรือสิทธิเรียกร้อง หรือบังคับคดีโดยวิธีอื่นนั้นต่อไปจนแล้วเสร็จได้
ถ้าคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งกำหนดให้ชำระหนี้เป็นงวด เป็นรายเดือน หรือเป็นรายปี หรือกำหนดให้ชำระหนี้อย่างใดในอนาคต ให้นับระยะเวลาสิบปีตามวรรคหนึ่งตั้งแต่วันที่หนี้ตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งนั้นอาจบังคับให้ชำระได้
ถ้าสิทธิเรียกร้องตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งเป็นการให้ชำระเงิน ส่งคืนหรือส่งมอบทรัพย์เฉพาะสิ่ง บุคคลซึ่งได้รับโอนหรือรับช่วงสิทธิตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งนั้นมีอำนาจบังคับคดีตามความในหมวด ๒ การบังคับคดีในกรณีที่เป็นหนี้เงิน หรือหมวด ๓ การบังคับคดีในกรณีที่ให้ส่งคืนหรือส่งมอบทรัพย์เฉพาะสิ่ง แล้วแต่กรณี โดยการร้องขอต่อศาลเพื่อเข้าสวมสิทธิเป็นเจ้าหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาต่อไป
traduction anglaise
If a party or person who is the losing party, or a person against whom the court has rendered a judgment or order to pay a debt (the judgment debtor), has failed to comply with the decree issued under the judgment or order of the court, in whole or in part, the party or person who is the winning party, or the person to whom the court has rendered a judgment or order to receive payment of a debt (the judgment creditor), is entitled to apply for execution by means of seizure of property, attachment of a claim, or execution by other means under the provisions of this Book, within ten years from the date of the judgment or order. And if the judgment creditor has, within that period, requested the executing officer to seize any property or attach any claim, or has carried out execution by other means in part, execution against that property or claim, or by that other means, may be continued to completion.
If the judgment or order requires payment of a debt in instalments, monthly, or yearly, or requires the future payment of a debt in any manner, the ten-year period under paragraph one shall be counted from the date on which the debt under the judgment or order becomes enforceable.
If the claim under the judgment or order is for the payment of money, or the return or delivery of specific property, a person who has received a transfer of, or succeeded to, the rights under the judgment or order has the power to execute under Chapter 2 on execution in the case of a monetary debt, or Chapter 3 on execution in the case of the return or delivery of specific property, as the case may be, by applying to the court to be substituted as the judgment creditor.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 274 is the gateway to actual execution and sets the master deadline for the whole enforcement stage in Book 4, Title 2, Part 3. The right to enforce arises only once the judgment debtor fails to comply with the decree, and it must be exercised within ten years of the judgment; enforcement begun within that window may be completed even after it closes. Paragraph two adjusts the start of the clock for instalment, periodic, and future obligations, counting ten years from when each becomes enforceable rather than from the judgment date. Paragraph three lets a transferee or subrogee of a monetary or specific-property claim apply to be substituted as judgment creditor. In the 2017 restructuring of Book 4, this ten-year rule moved here from the former numbering, so older decisions cite it under the earlier section.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
Ten years sounds long, but it disappears quickly, so a judgment creditor should start execution well before the deadline; if you have at least begun seizure or attachment within the ten years, you can finish afterwards. Miss the window and you lose the power to enforce, though the underlying debt still exists and can matter in other contexts, such as set-off or a member's standing in a cooperative. For instalment or future obligations, track the due dates separately, because each has its own ten-year clock. Enforcement is where many money judgments are actually won or lost, so early planning of debt recovery pays off.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1685/2568 (2025)
A judgment creditor must apply for execution within the ten-year period fixed by Section 274 paragraph one; this applies even where enforcement is carried out by other means, such as depositing the price with the court, rather than through the executing officer.
The plaintiff sought to deposit the land price with the court so the defendant would transfer the land under a compromise judgment. The Supreme Court quoted Section 274 paragraph one and held that, although depositing the price was execution by another means not requiring an executing officer, the plaintiff still had to seek execution within the ten-year period under Section 274.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 4442/2567 (2024)
Lapse of the ten-year period under Section 274 only bars enforcement of the judgment; it does not extinguish the underlying debt, which is extinguished only by the modes recognised in the Civil and Commercial Code.
The Supreme Court held that a debt is extinguished only by performance, release, set-off, novation, or merger under the Civil and Commercial Code. Even though the ten-year period for enforcing the compromise judgment under Section 274 had passed, that only meant the defendant could no longer enforce it; the debt itself remained, which was relevant to the member's standing under the cooperative's rules.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 3001/2568 (2025)
The right to apply for execution under Sections 274, 275, and 276 arises only where the judgment debtor has failed to comply; where the party in fact complied with the compromise judgment, there is no basis to obtain a writ, and a writ issued in error may be revoked.
The plaintiff, holding under a new lease, was found to have complied with the compromise judgment, so the defendant had no ground to treat the plaintiff as in breach or to obtain a writ of eviction under Sections 274, 275, and 276. The Supreme Court held the writ was issued in error and could be revoked under Section 295 as a matter of public order, even though no party had raised the point.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
How long do I have to enforce a Thai judgment?
Under Section 274, the judgment creditor must apply for execution within ten years from the date of the judgment or order. If seizure or attachment has begun within that period, it may be completed even after the ten years pass.
Does the debt disappear once the ten years lapse?
No. Lapse of the ten-year period only bars enforcement of the judgment. The underlying debt still exists and is extinguished only by the modes recognised in the Civil and Commercial Code, such as payment, release, or set-off.
When does the ten years start for instalment or future debts?
For debts payable in instalments, monthly, yearly, or in the future, the ten-year period is counted from the date each part becomes enforceable, not from the date of the judgment.