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อัปเดตล่าสุดเมื่อ 5 กันยายน 2569
Sin suan tua (สินส่วนตัว, also written sinsuantua, translated as separate property or personal property) is the property that belongs to one spouse alone during a Thai marriage, defined in Section 1471 of the Thai ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์. It is the mirror image of ซิน ซอมรอส, the marital property owned jointly. Sin suan tua stays with its owner at divorce and is not divided, so the label is the first thing a spouse with assets checks.
สารบัญ
The four categories in Section 1471
ส่วนที่ 1471 gives an exhaustive list. Sin suan tua is: property a spouse owned before the marriage; personal effects, clothing and ornaments suitable to the spouse’s station in life, and the tools of the spouse’s profession; property acquired during the marriage by will or by gift; and the khongman, the engagement gift given to the betrothed person. Anything outside these four heads is sin somros, and Section 1474 adds that where there is doubt the property is presumed to be marital.
Substitution is the practical corollary. Under Section 1472, if sin suan tua is exchanged for other property, sold and the price kept, or destroyed and compensated, the replacement or the money remains sin suan tua. A house owned before the wedding, sold and reinvested in a condominium, keeps its personal character if the chain of funds can be shown. The income does not: rent, dividends and interest earned during the marriage are fruits of sin suan tua and fall into sin somros. Each spouse manages their own sin suan tua alone, and their personal debts are paid from it first.
Keeping personal property personal in practice
The burden of proving that an asset is sin suan tua rests on the spouse claiming it. For a foreigner who arrives with savings, the evidence is bank statements dated before the marriage, the deed or share certificate in the pre-marriage name, and a clean paper trail for any reinvestment. Money moved into a joint account, or mixed with salary earned during the marriage, is very hard to separate later, and a court will treat the mixed balance as sin somros.
เอ ข้อตกลงก่อนสมรส registered with the marriage can widen the list, for instance by declaring that salaries, a business or a particular property will remain personal. A will or gift can do the same for one asset if the instrument says so. When a Thai spouse buys land during the marriage, the สำนักงานที่ดิน asks both spouses to sign a declaration that the funds are the Thai spouse’s sin suan tua; the guide on the Land Office declaration explains what it proves.
Sin suan tua and sin somros compared
| Point | Sin suan tua | Sin somros |
|---|---|---|
| Governing section | ส่วนที่ 1471 | ส่วนที่ 1474 |
| Typical assets | Pre-marriage assets, personal effects, tools of trade, gifts, inheritances, khongman | Salary, purchases during marriage, fruits of personal property |
| Management | Owner alone | Joint consent for the acts in Section 1476 |
| At divorce | Stays with the owner | Divided equally under Section 1533 |
| On doubt | Must be proved by the claiming spouse | Presumed |
The distinction decides what a spouse can give away. Sin suan tua can be sold or given without the other spouse’s involvement, whereas a gift of sin somros needs consent and can be revoked under Section 1480. On death the surviving spouse first takes their half of the sin somros and then inherits from the อสังหาริมทรัพย์, made up of the deceased’s sin suan tua and half of the marital property.
คำถามที่พบบ่อย
Is an inheritance received during marriage sin suan tua in Thailand?
Yes. Property acquired during the marriage by will or by gift is sin suan tua under Section 1471, unless the will or gift instrument states that it is given as marital property. The income it produces during the marriage, such as rent or dividends, is sin somros.
What happens to sin suan tua in a Thai divorce?
It stays with the spouse who owns it and is not included in the equal division under Section 1533. The spouse claiming an asset is personal must prove it; where the evidence is unclear the court presumes the asset is sin somros and splits it.
Can a prenuptial agreement make salary sin suan tua?
Yes. A prenuptial agreement registered with the marriage under Section 1466 can provide that income earned during the marriage, a business or a specific property remains the personal property of one spouse. Without such an agreement, salary earned during the marriage is sin somros.
ดูเพิ่มเติม: ซิน ซอมรอส, ข้อตกลงก่อนสมรส, khongman, gift, and the guides to sin somros and sin suan tua in a Thai divorce และ property division under Section 1533.
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