Thai Civil and Commercial Code, Annotated Bilingual Reference
A per-section bilingual (Thai / English) reference to every section of the Thai Civil & Commercial Code (CCC), with firm annotations and Supreme Court (Dika) decisions that interpret each section.
- 6Books
- 3,098Sections
- 275+Verified Supreme Court decisions
- 150Annotated highlights
- 88Bilingual FAQs
What is the Thai Civil & Commercial Code?
The Civil & Commercial Code (CCC) is the foundational statute governing private and commercial relationships in Thailand. First enacted in 1925 (B.E. 2468) and built out through the 1930s, it is organised into six Books, from general principles and obligations, through specific contracts and property, to family and succession.
Each section here carries the verbatim Thai text, an English translation, a practical firm annotation, and Supreme Court decisions whose case numbers are verified against the official record, so lawyers, businesses and foreigners can rely on it. Switch any page between English and Thai with the EN / ไทย toggle.
The six Books of the Code
- Book 1 General Principles Foundational concepts: natural and juristic persons, juristic acts, agency, time, and prescription.
- Book 2 Obligations Contract formation, performance, breach, damages, and torts.
- Book 3 Specific Contracts Sale, hire, loan, deposit, suretyship, mortgage, agency, insurance, partnerships.
- Book 4 Property Ownership, possession, usufruct, superficies, servitudes, right of habitation, mortgage.
- Book 5 Family Marriage, divorce, prenuptial agreements, parental rights, custody, adoption — updated for the 2024 Marriage Equality Act.
- Book 6 Succession Inheritance, wills, statutory heirs, executors, probate.
Most-referenced sections
- §420 Tort liability
- §150 Void juristic acts
- §1336 Owner's right to recover
- §1382 Adverse possession
- §1417 Usufruct
- §1387 Servitude
- §1448 Marriage (equal)
- §1469 Prenuptial agreement
- §1474 Sin Somros (marital property)
- §1516 Grounds for divorce
- §1564 Child maintenance
- §1629 Statutory heirs
- §1600 The estate
- §1646 Making a will
- §728 Mortgage foreclosure notice
Most cited by the Supreme Court
- §1382 Adverse possession, ten years (immovable) / five years (movable) 673 decisions
- §224 Interest on damages 568 decisions
- §193/30 General prescription period, ten years 471 decisions
- §164 Duress as a ground for voidance 433 decisions
- §448 Prescription period for tort claims 391 decisions
- §1375 348 decisions
- §391 Restitution after rescission of contract 333 decisions
- §1754 Prescription on inheritance claims 319 decisions
- §1299 Registration of real rights in immovables 311 decisions
- §456 Sale of immovable, registered writing required 311 decisions
- §150 Acts contrary to public order or good morals are void 305 decisions
- §653 Loan over 2,000 baht, writing required 303 decisions
Counted across the firm's corpus of Supreme Court decisions. Procedural and sentencing provisions naturally sit near the top: they are recited in almost every judgment, which is not the same as being the most contested. How we count these
How to use this resource
- Use the EN / ไทย button to switch language on any page, one canonical URL serves both, with proper hreflang.
- Each section shows the Thai text, English translation, firm annotation, Supreme Court decisions, and links to related practice guides.
- Every Supreme Court case links to its official source (deka.in.th) so you can verify the citation.
Frequently asked questions
How many sections does the Thai Civil & Commercial Code have?
The Code has six Books and more than 1,800 sections, covering general principles, obligations, specific contracts, property, family and succession.
Are the English translations official?
The Thai text is taken verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State. The English is the firm's reference translation, always rely on the Thai original for legal effect.
Can I trust the Supreme Court citations?
Yes. Every Supreme Court (Dika) decision shown has its case number verified against the Supreme Court database and links to its official source on deka.in.th.
Does this reflect the 2024 Marriage Equality Act?
Yes. Books 5 and 6 use gender-neutral language and reflect equal marriage, property, inheritance and adoption rights under the Marriage Equality Act (No. 24, B.E. 2567), in force 22 Jan 2025.