Article 350: Defrauding creditors
Statutory text (Thai original)
ผู้ใดเพื่อมิให้เจ้าหนี้ของตนหรือของผู้อื่นได้รับชำระหนี้ทั้งหมดหรือแต่บางส่วน ซึ่งได้ใช้หรือจะใช้สิทธิเรียกร้องทางศาลให้ชำระหนี้ ย้ายไปเสีย ซ่อนเร้น หรือโอนไปให้แก่ผู้อื่นซึ่งทรัพย์ใดก็ดี แกล้งให้ตนเองเป็นหนี้จำนวนใดอันไม่เป็นความจริงก็ดี ต้องระวางโทษจำคุกไม่เกินสองปี หรือปรับไม่เกินสี่หมื่นบาท หรือทั้งจำทั้งปรับ หมายเหตุ: [อัตราโทษ แก้ไขเพิ่มเติมโดยมาตรา ๔ แห่งพระราชบัญญัติแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมประมวลกฎหมายอาญา (ฉบับที่ ๒๖) พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐]
English translation
Whoever, in order that his own creditor or the creditor of another person shall not receive payment of a debt in whole or in part, where a judicial claim to enforce payment has been or is about to be exercised, removes, conceals, or transfers to another person any property, or dishonestly causes himself to owe any untrue sum of debt, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding two years, or a fine not exceeding forty thousand baht, or both.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 350 is the core cheating-against-creditors offence. Its elements are: a creditor has exercised or is about to exercise a judicial claim for payment, the offender removes, conceals, or transfers property, or fabricates a debt owed by himself, and he acts with the specific intent that the creditor not be paid in whole or in part. A genuine creditor-debtor relationship is essential, so the offence protects a legally enforceable claim rather than a mere expectation. It can be committed by the debtor for his own benefit or by a third person acting for another's creditor, and the fabricated-debt limb targets sham obligations designed to dilute the assets available to real creditors.
Why this matters in practice
The single most important requirement is a real debt that a creditor can enforce in court. If a civil court later finds the underlying debt does not exist, the criminal charge collapses because there is no creditor to defraud. Transferring assets after a judgment, or once a lawsuit is clearly coming, is the classic fact pattern, and the timing of the transfer against the claim is what proves the intent. The offence is compoundable under Section 351, carries exposure of up to two years, and is frequently paired with a civil claim for the resulting loss. See our overview of fraud and dishonesty offences in Thailand.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 7430/2568 (2025)
Section 350 reaches a transfer made while the creditor may use enforcement measures, not only one made after the property has been attached. Transferring vehicles at a time when a judgment creditor was in a position to take administrative enforcement measures against the judgment debtor's property, with the special intent that the creditor should not be paid the compensation due, is defrauding creditors under Section 350 and is also a tort against that creditor.
The defendant was a judgment debtor under a Supreme Administrative Court judgment in favour of the co-plaintiff. On 4 February 2562 he sold the car and the motorcycle for 30,000 and 2,500 baht and transferred the registration on 12 February; the order to seize them, order 59/2562, was made on 18 February. The Supreme Court held the transfer was made while the co-plaintiff could still use administrative enforcement measures against his property, with the special intent that it should not be paid the compensation owed, and so was defrauding creditors under Section 350 and a tort against the co-plaintiff.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 4675/2565 (2022)
Where a civil court has found that the accused did not owe the debt claimed, the parties are not creditor and debtor to each other, so a criminal charge of defrauding creditors under Section 350 has no basis in itself.
The civil judgment held that the defendant did not owe the debt the co-plaintiff had sued on. Because no creditor-debtor relationship existed, the Supreme Court confirmed that the defrauding-creditors charge failed, and this was not an improper importation of the civil ruling into the criminal case.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 172 Supreme Court decisions (1960 to 2025)
Décisions de citation sélectionnées
- Decision 7430/2568 (2025)
- Décision 5328/2568 (2025)
- Decision 3154/2568 (2025)
- Decision 295/2567 (2024)
- Decision 4675/2565 (2022)
- Decision 421/2565 (2022)
- Decision 6104/2564 (2021)
- Decision 4135/2563 (2020)
Cette liste est sélectionnée automatiquement, en privilégiant les jugements qui reposent sur cet article plutôt que sur ceux qui se contentent de le citer lors du prononcé de la peine. Elle n'a pas encore été examinée par le cabinet.
Le plus souvent cité aux côtés de
- Article 83 91
- Article 91 38
- Article 29 19
- Article 30 18
- Article 90 17
- Article 56 16
Sections qui apparaissent le plus souvent dans les mêmes jugements que celui-ci. Le chiffre correspond au nombre de décisions.
Calculé sur l'ensemble du corpus de 83 652 décisions de la Cour suprême du cabinet, de 1921 à 2026. Le décompte est exhaustif ; la plage d'années indiquée élimine les valeurs aberrantes rares afin de refléter la répartition réelle des citations. Ces chiffres sont calculés par nos soins et ne constituent pas des statistiques officielles de la Cour. Comment nous les comptons et ce que nous avons mesuré
Foire aux questions
Faut-il nécessairement une action en justice pour que l'article 350 s'applique ?
Le créancier doit avoir exercé ou être sur le point d'exercer un droit de paiement en justice. Une dette réelle et exécutoire est requise, et non une simple attente informelle de paiement.
Que se passe-t-il si la dette s'avère inexistante ?
Si un tribunal civil constate que l'accusé ne devait pas la dette, il n'y a pas de relation créancier-débiteur et l'accusation de l'article 350 n'a aucun fondement, comme l'a statué la Cour suprême.
Le transfert de mes propres biens à un proche avant un procès constitue-t-il un crime ?
Cela peut être le cas si une créance a été ou est sur le point d'être réclamée et que le transfert vise à empêcher le paiement de cette créance. Le moment et le but du transfert sont déterminants.
Guides connexes sur ThaiLawOnline
Citer cette section
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Citation simple
Penal Code, s. 350 (Thailand) -
Citation académique
Penal Code (Thailand), s. 350. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-350/ (accessed 30 août 2026). -
Citation thaïlandaise
ป.อ. มาตรา 350 -
Lien permanent
https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-350/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-350/"><p>Whoever, in order that his own creditor or the creditor of another person shall not receive payment of a debt in whole or in part, where a judicial claim to enforce payment has been or is about to be exercised, removes, conceals, or transfers to…</p><footer>Penal Code, s. 350 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-350/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.