Section 1361
Statutory text (Thai original)
เจ้าของรวมคนหนึ่ง ๆ จะจำหน่ายส่วนของตน หรือจำนอง หรือก่อให้เกิดภาระติดพันก็ได้แต่ตัวทรัพย์สินนั้นจะจำหน่าย จำนำ จำนอง หรือก่อให้เกิดภาระติดพันได้ ก็แต่ด้วยความยินยอมแห่งเจ้าของรวมทุกคนถ้าเจ้าของรวมคนใดจำหน่าย จำนำ จำนอง หรือก่อให้เกิดภาระติดพันทรัพย์สินโดยมิได้รับความยินยอมแห่งเจ้าของรวมทุกคน แต่ภายหลังเจ้าของรวมคนนั้นได้เป็นเจ้าของทรัพย์สินแต่ผู้เดียวไซร้ ท่านว่านิติกรรมนั้นเป็นอันสมบูรณ์
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
คำแปลภาษาอังกฤษ
Each co-owner may dispose of, mortgage, or create a charge on, his share. The property itself may be disposed of, pledged, mortgaged or made subject to a charge only with the consent of all the co-owners. However, if a co-owner has disposed of, pledged, mortgaged or created a charge on, the property without the consent of all the other co-owners, and he subsequently becomes the sole owner of it, such act shall become valid.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified — always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 1361 is part of Book 4 (Property) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Why this matters in practice
Lawyers: a mortgage by one co-owner binds only their undivided share; a transferee or mortgagee takes subject to the rights of the other co-owners. Laypersons: if you own land jointly with others, you can sell your share but you cannot sell, mortgage, or do anything to the whole land without everyone's agreement.
Legislative history
Part of the original Civil and Commercial Code codification; no major subsequent amendment.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 9761/2555 (2012)
Acts affecting co-owned property as a whole — including sale or mortgage of the entire plot — require the consent of every co-owner under section 1361.
Section 1361 permits each co-owner to dispose of or mortgage their own share; the land as a whole may be disposed of, pledged, or mortgaged only with all co-owners' consent. Where one co-owner purported to act for all without consent, the act was ineffective against the dissenting co-owners.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 960/2552 (2009)
A sale of co-owned property as a whole by one co-owner without the other's consent is invalid under section 1361.
The plaintiff and defendant jointly purchased land and a townhouse during their marriage; after divorcing, one co-owner sold the whole property to the plaintiff's sister without the other's consent. The sale of the whole property without consent was found to be outside section 1361.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.