มาตรา 165 — Limits of duress: lawful threats and reverential fear
Statutory text (Thai original)
การขู่ว่าจะใช้สิทธิตามปกตินิยม ไม่ถือว่าเป็นการข่มขู่การใดที่กระทำไปเพราะนับถือยำเกรง ไม่ถือว่าการนั้นได้กระทำเพราะถูกข่มขู่
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
คำแปลภาษาอังกฤษ
The threat of the normal exercise of a right is not considered duress. Any act made owning to reverential fear is not considered an act made under duress.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified — always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 165 is part of Book 1 (General Principles) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Why this matters in practice
For lawyers: a creditor who threatens to sue unless a debt is paid is exercising a right, not committing duress. For laypersons: agreeing to a contract because you respect or feel obligated to a parent or employer does not let you void it on grounds of duress.
Legislative history
Part of the original Civil and Commercial Code codification; no major subsequent amendment.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 6476/2547 (2004)
A state enterprise engaged in commercial distribution of utilities may qualify as a 'merchant' or trader for limitation period purposes.
The Metropolitan Waterworks Authority, established under the Metropolitan Waterworks Act B.E. 2510 with an objective of producing and distributing tap water, was held to conduct trade and could be a 'merchant' for purposes of the former prescription provisions, including the precursor to Section 193/34(1).
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.