ใบอนุญาตทำงานในประเทศไทย (พระราชกำหนดการบริหารจัดการการทำงานของคนต่างด้าว)

ตรวจสอบโดย ThaiLawOnline สำนักงานกฎหมายไทยที่ได้รับใบอนุญาตและดำเนินกิจการในประเทศไทยตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2549 ทนายความผู้รับผิดชอบสำนวน: วิชุดา อรรถเมธากุล, น.ม., ใบอนุญาตเนติบัณฑิตไทย เลขที่ 3149/2556.

ปรับปรุงล่าสุดเมื่อ 25 กันยายน 2569

ใบอนุญาตทำงาน (ใบอนุญาตทำงาน, bai anuyat tham ngan, sometimes shortened to WP) is the licence issued by the Department of Employment under the Foreigners’ Working Management Emergency Decree B.E. 2560 (2017) that allows a foreigner to work in Thailand for a named employer, in a named position, at a named place. It is separate from the visa: the visa lets a person stay, the permit lets that person work. Almost every foreigner employed by a Thai company, and every foreign ผู้กำกับ who actively runs one, needs a permit before the first day of work, and the permit is tied to that job.

สิ่งที่พระราชกฤษฎีกากำหนด

The Emergency Decree of 2017, amended in 2018, replaced the older Working of Alien Act. It defines work broadly as using physical energy or knowledge, whether or not for pay, so unpaid help in a friend’s business is still work. The applicant must already hold a Non-Immigrant visa, in most cases the วีซ่าธุรกิจประเภทที่ไม่ใช่ B; a tourist entry or การยกเว้นวีซ่า is not accepted.

The permit is issued by the provincial employment office of the Department of Employment, Ministry of Labour, for one year (3,000 baht) or two years (6,000 baht), but never beyond the applicant’s permitted stay, so the permit and the การขยายเวลาพำนัก are renewed together. Processing can take several weeks. The permit records the employer, position, job description and province; work outside that description is an offence.

สิ่งที่นายจ้างต้องแสดง

Capital and staff. คนไทย บริษัทจำกัด normally needs 2,000,000 baht of paid-up capital for each foreigner it sponsors. Four permanent Thai employees per foreigner (the อัตราส่วน 4:1), all registered with social security, is a separate test and a different authority applies it: it is item 2.1(5) of the criteria table annexed to Immigration Bureau Order 12/2568 of 23 January 2025, which Immigration applies to the one-year extension of stay rather than to the permit. The same item relaxes the ratio to one Thai employee per foreigner, and excuses the 2,000,000 baht of capital and the financial statements, for exactly three structures: a representative office, a regional office and a multinational branch office. A startup reaches one to one through the other limb of item 2.1, which covers the eighteen targeted industries and startups certified by DEPA or the National Innovation Agency, asks for a foreign employee earning at least 50,000 baht a month and a company with at least 1,000,000 baht of registered capital, and applies the one-to-one ratio to a startup once five years have passed since the company was registered. A foreigner married to a Thai national needs half of each: 1,000,000 baht and two Thai staff. Neither figure scales without limit: for a company limited the regulation works on capital, and that route stops at ten unless the employer meets one of four tests on tax paid, export earnings, tourist numbers or Thai headcount. The headcount route in the regulation, one foreigner per four Thai employees and not more than three, is clause 6 and applies where the employer is a natural person rather than a company. The criteria are clause 5 of the Department of Employment Regulation on the criteria for considering permission for aliens to work B.E. 2547. It was made under the older Working of Alien Act, and the Emergency Decree of 2017 keeps existing subordinate rules in force so far as they do not conflict with it and until rules made under it replace them. A company under the Treaty of Amity needs 3,000,000 baht. BOI-promoted companies are exempt from the ratio and file through the One Stop Service Centre.

Documents. Passport with the Non-B visa, photographs, a medical certificate, a CV and degree certificates translated into Thai, the employment contract, and the company file: affidavit, shareholder list, VAT registration, latest audited accounts and the list of foreign employees. A Bangkok application goes to the Department of Employment office for the district where the company is registered. The common mistake is starting work while the application is pending, which is an offence for both sides.

บทลงโทษ และใครบ้างที่ไม่จำเป็นต้องได้รับบทลงโทษ

A foreigner working without a permit faces a fine of 5,000 to 50,000 baht, deportation and a bar on new applications; the employer faces 10,000 to 100,000 baht per foreigner, with imprisonment possible for a repeat offence. Immigration treats the arrest as grounds to cancel the extension of stay.

Some categories work lawfully without the standard permit: holders of the LTR visa (a digital work permit), SMART visa holders in approved activities, and DTV holders working remotely for employers outside Thailand. Directors who only attend board meetings and sign resolutions are generally not treated as working, but a director who manages staff or signs contracts day to day is. The list of prohibited occupations still applies whatever the visa.

คำถามที่พบบ่อย

ดูเพิ่มเติม: สัดส่วนการจ้างงานคนไทยต่อชาวต่างชาติ 4 ต่อ 1, สัญญาจ้างงาน, บอย, สนธิสัญญาไมตรี, และคำแนะนำเกี่ยวกับ ใบอนุญาตทำงานในกรุงเทพฯ และ work permit violations and penalties.