การหย่าโดยคำพิพากษาของศาล (การหย่าฟ้อง) ในประเทศไทย

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อัปเดตล่าสุดเมื่อ 5 กันยายน 2569

เอ การหย่าร้างที่มีการโต้แย้ง (การฟ้องหย่า, kan fong ya, also called a court divorce หรือ การหย่าร้างโดยคำสั่งศาล) is a divorce obtained by judgment of the Juvenile and Family Court when the spouses cannot agree to divorce, or cannot agree on its consequences. Unlike the divorce by consent registered at the amphur, it requires the petitioner to prove one of the grounds for divorce in Section 1516 of the ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์. It is slower and dearer, but it is the only route when one spouse refuses, cannot be found, or the marriage was registered abroad.

How the court process works

The petition is filed at the Juvenile and Family Court with jurisdiction over the defendant’s residence or the place where the cause arose. It states the ground, the facts, and the orders sought on การดูแล, ค่าเลี้ยงดูบุตร, division of ซิน ซอมรอส, compensation under Section 1523 and a living allowance under Section 1526. Everything is in Thai; foreign documents are translated and certified. The defendant is served, files an answer, and the court fixes mediation and then a hearing at which witnesses give evidence.

Judgment is given on the ground and on each consequence. Under Section 1531 a divorce by judgment takes effect when the judgment becomes final, and it is then registered at the amphur so that it can be set up against third parties. Either side may appeal to the ศาลอุทธรณ์ for Specialised Cases and, with leave, to the Supreme Court. First-instance courts aim to finish within six to twelve months; a well-prepared undefended case can be done in four to eight.

What a foreigner should expect and prepare

The court fee is 200 baht for the divorce claim itself and 2% of any property claimed, capped at 200,000 baht. A foreign spouse can petition in Thailand whether the marriage was registered here or abroad, provided the court has jurisdiction, and a defendant living overseas is served through the courts’ international channels, which adds months. A spouse who cannot attend can be represented under a power of attorney for most steps, but personal testimony is normally expected.

Evidence wins these cases. For adultery: messages, photographs, hotel and bank records and witnesses. For desertion: the house registration, refusals to return, and proof of the date the spouse left. For cruelty: medical reports and police records. The stages and timelines are in the guide to contested divorce in Thailand. The most common mistake is filing on the ground that feels strongest rather than the one the documents prove.

Contested divorce compared with the amphur route

One practical difference is recognition. Several countries do not accept an administrative divorce registered at a district office, whereas a court judgment is recognised almost everywhere; a foreigner who expects to remarry abroad sometimes chooses the court route for that reason alone. Many cases start contested and settle: once terms are agreed at mediation the court records a compromise judgment, or the spouses withdraw and register an uncontested divorce at the amphur.

คำถามที่พบบ่อย

ดูเพิ่มเติม: grounds for divorce, การหย่าร้างโดยไม่มีข้อโต้แย้ง, ศาลเยาวชนและครอบครัว, court fees, and the guides to contested divorce in Thailand และ whether a Thai divorce is valid abroad.