ตรวจสอบโดย ThaiLawOnline สำนักงานกฎหมายไทยที่ได้รับใบอนุญาตและดำเนินกิจการในประเทศไทยตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2549 ทนายความผู้รับผิดชอบสำนวน: วิชุดา อรรถเมธากุล, น.ม., ใบอนุญาตเนติบัณฑิตไทย เลขที่ 3149/2556.
Last updated on กันยายน 6, 2026
เดอะ ดีบีดี (กรมพัฒนาธุรกิจการค้า, the กรมพัฒนาธุรกิจ, sometimes still called the Commercial Registration Department) is the department of the Ministry of Commerce that acts as Thailand’s registrar of companies, partnerships and commercial businesses. It keeps the corporate register, issues company affidavits and certified copies, receives annual financial statements and ผู้ถือหุ้น lists, and administers the licensing regime of the Foreign Business Act. Every foreigner who forms, buys into, directs or does due diligence on a Thai company deals with the DBD, in person, through the e-Registration system, or through the provincial commercial offices.
สารบัญ
What the DBD does under the law
Registrar of นิติบุคคล. เดอะ ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ makes the registrar the gatekeeper of a company’s existence: a private limited company comes into being only when the DBD registers it, and later changes (directors, capital, address, objects, articles) take effect against third parties only when registered. The registrar can refuse a filing that is incomplete or unlawful, and since the DBD Order 2/2569 that took effect on 1 August 2026 it examines the money behind Thai shareholders in mixed companies before it registers them.
Foreign Business Act. The DBD’s Foreign Business Administration Division receives applications for a Foreign Business Licence and issues Foreign Business Certificates to BOI-promoted and Treaty of Amity companies. It also investigates nominee structures under Section 36 of that Act, which is why the 2026 crackdown on Thai nominee shareholders is run from this department.
Where a foreigner meets the DBD
Forming a company. Name reservation, the memorandum of association (registration fee 500 baht, plus 200 baht stamp duty on the memorandum itself) and the registration of the company (5,000 baht) are all DBD filings. The registration must follow within 3 months of the statutory meeting or the company is not formed. Bangkok filings go to the DBD offices; in the provinces the Provincial Commercial Affairs Office acts for it. Electronic filing through e-Registration is now the normal route and needs a registered digital signature for each promoter and director.
Proving the company exists. The company affidavit (หนังสือรับรอง) issued by the DBD is the document banks, immigration, the Land Office and the labour office ask for, and it is valid for their purposes only if issued within the last few months. Certified copies of the memorandum, articles, shareholder list (Bor Or Jor 5) and filed financial statements can be bought online by anyone, which makes the DBD the first stop in การตรวจสอบวิเคราะห์สถานะ on a Thai counterparty or landlord.
Annual filings and what goes wrong
A company limited must hold its annual general meeting within 4 months of the end of its financial year, file the audited financial statements with the DBD within 1 month of that meeting, and file the updated shareholder list within 14 days of it. Late or missing filings attract fines on both the company and the directors, and where the registrar has reasonable cause to believe that a company is no longer carrying on business it can strike the name off the register under Section 1273/1 of the Civil and Commercial Code, after a registered letter and a newspaper notice. The company then ceases to be a juristic person, but the liability of its directors, managers and other officers survives and can still be enforced as if it had never been dissolved (Section 1273/3), and a shareholder or creditor who is unfairly prejudiced can apply to the court to have the company restored to the register (Section 1273/4).
The DBD is not the tax authority. Registration at the DBD creates the company and its 13-digit registration number, but VAT, withholding tax and corporate income tax belong to the Revenue Department, and social security to the Social Security Office. The common mistake is to assume that a company in good standing with the DBD is also compliant with the Revenue Department; the two registers are separate.
คำถามที่พบบ่อย
Can a foreigner check a Thai company at the DBD?
Yes. The DBD’s online data warehouse lets anyone search a company by name or registration number and buy certified copies of the affidavit, shareholder list and financial statements. The affidavit shows the directors, the signing authority and the registered capital, which is what to verify before signing a lease or a sale contract with a company.
How long does DBD company registration take?
Name reservation takes 1 to 3 business days and the registration itself 1 to 7 working days once the documents are signed. Using the same-day procedure, where all subscribers approve the memorandum and the registration together, a straightforward Thai-majority company can be registered in about a week; mixed companies now take longer because the registrar checks the Thai shareholders’ source of funds.
What is a DBD company affidavit?
The affidavit is the registrar’s certificate of the company’s current registered particulars: name, registration number, date of registration, directors, signing conditions, registered capital, registered office and objects. Banks, immigration and the Land Office usually accept it only if it was issued within the last 1 to 6 months.
ดูเพิ่มเติม: บริษัทจำกัด, พระราชบัญญัติธุรกิจต่างประเทศ, ผู้ได้รับการเสนอชื่อ, how to register a company in Thailand และ the Foreign Business Act guide.
Last reviewed: 6 September 2026. DBD Central Registrar Order 2/2569 was read from the primary Royal Gazette-published PDF held by this firm: it is in force from 1 August 2026 and was signed on 15 July 2026, it repeals Orders 2/2568 and 1/2569, and it requires bank statements evidencing each Thai shareholder’s payment. All fees were taken from the Department of Business Development’s own current guides of November 2023: 500 baht to register the memorandum of association, 200 baht stamp duty on the memorandum form (Bor Or Jor 2), and 5,000 baht to register the company. Sections 1112, 1139, 1197, 1199 and 1273/1 to 1273/4 of the Civil and Commercial Code were read for the three-month incorporation deadline, the annual filing deadlines and the striking off of a company that is no longer trading; section 36 of the Foreign Business Act was read in Thai for the nominee provision. All eleven links on this page were confirmed to resolve without a redirect. Not verified: the processing times for name reservation and registration, and the one-to-six-month window within which banks, immigration and the Land Office will accept a company affidavit. Those are matters of current office practice rather than of law, and no published instrument states them.
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อัปเดตข่าวสารกฎหมายไทยในภาษาเข้าใจง่าย ที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อชาวต่างชาติ: อสังหาริมทรัพย์, วีซ่า, การสมรส, ธุรกิจ และพินัยกรรม จดหมายข่าวสั้นเพียงฉบับเดียวต่อเดือน จากสำนักงานกฎหมายที่ดำเนินงานมาตั้งแต่ปี 2549 ไม่มีการส่งสแปม ยกเลิกรับได้ทุกเมื่อ.