ตรวจสอบโดย ThaiLawOnline สำนักงานกฎหมายไทยที่ได้รับใบอนุญาตและดำเนินกิจการในประเทศไทยตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2549 ทนายความผู้รับผิดชอบสำนวน: วิชุดา อรรถเมธากุล, น.ม., ใบอนุญาตเนติบัณฑิตไทย เลขที่ 3149/2556.
อัปเดตล่าสุดเมื่อ 5 กันยายน 2569
แอน ผู้จัดการมรดก (ผู้จัดการมรดก, phu jat kan moradok, often called the executor in English-language wills) is the person who collects the deceased’s assets, pays the debts and distributes what remains to the heirs. In Thailand the role exists only by court order: even a person named in a will has no power over a bank account or a title deed until a Thai court has appointed them. Banks, the สำนักงานที่ดิน and the Department of Business Development all ask for the court’s order before releasing money or registering a transfer, so the appointment is the first real step in almost every estate.
สารบัญ
How the appointment works
ภายใต้ ประมวลกฎหมายแพ่งและพาณิชย์ an administrator is either the person appointed by the will or the person appointed by the court (Section 1711). In practice both go through court: an heir, any interested person or the อัยการ applies to the provincial court for the district where the deceased was domiciled, or where the assets are, asking for the appointment (Section 1713). Where the will names someone, the court normally appoints that person. Where there is no will, the court chooses among the applicants, usually the spouse or an adult child, and can appoint more than one administrator jointly.
Who cannot serve. A minor, a person of unsound mind or adjudged quasi-incompetent, and a person adjudged bankrupt are barred (Section 1718). Nationality is not a bar: foreigners are appointed routinely, though they must attend the hearing in person. The court can later remove an administrator who neglects the duties or acts against the heirs’ interests, on the application of an interested person.
What the administrator must do
The administrator must start an inventory of the estate within 15 days of the appointment and finish it within one month, in the presence of at least two interested witnesses, and should complete the whole administration and render accounts within one year unless the heirs or the court allow longer. The work is practical: obtaining the death certificate, cancelling the house registration, closing bank accounts, transferring condominiums at the Land Office, transferring vehicles and company shares, paying creditors and any ภาษีมรดก, and then distributing according to the will or the statutory order.
Documents for the petition include the death certificate, the will if any, proof of the applicant’s relationship to the deceased, house registration and identity documents, and a list of assets with title documents. Foreign documents need certified translation and legalisation. The court petition fee is a flat 200 baht plus small announcement and delivery costs; an uncontested case usually takes 3 to 6 months to the order, then about a month more for the certificate confirming no appeal, which most banks want to see. Where the will was made at a district office, the office keeps a certified duplicate under the Ministerial Regulation on the Making of Wills B.E. 2569, in force since 24 March 2026, and a certified copy costs 50 baht if the original cannot be found.
Administrator, executor and foreign probate
The English word executor describes the person a testator chooses; the Thai term covers both that person and a court-chosen one, and neither can act until appointed. A UK grant of probate, a US letters testamentary or a Canadian certificate has no direct force in Thailand. The named executor must petition a Thai court, with the foreign will translated and legalised, and be appointed here; the guide to การจัดการมรดกตามพินัยกรรมต่างประเทศในประเทศไทย covers the extra steps.
The common mistake is a family assuming a Thai wife or a named friend can walk into the bank with the will. They cannot, and a delay of a year while nobody applies can leave utility bills unpaid and a condominium at risk of arrears. Naming a willing, capable administrator in the will, and telling that person where the original is kept, shortens the whole process.
คำถามที่พบบ่อย
ชาวต่างชาติสามารถเป็นผู้จัดการมรดกในประเทศไทยได้หรือไม่
Yes. Section 1718 bars only minors, persons of unsound mind or quasi-incompetent, and undischarged bankrupts. Foreigners are appointed regularly, but must attend the court hearing in person and will need a Thai translation of any foreign documents.
How long does it take to appoint an estate administrator in Thailand?
An uncontested petition usually takes 3 to 6 months from filing to the court order, plus about a month for the certificate confirming no appeal. Contested cases, or those relying on a foreign will that must be translated and legalised, take considerably longer.
What is the difference between an executor and an estate administrator?
In Thai law both are the same office, phu jat kan moradok. An executor is simply the administrator the testator named in the will; the court still has to appoint that person before they can deal with bank accounts, land or shares. Where there is no will, the court appoints an administrator on an heir’s application.
ดูเพิ่มเติม: ภาคทัณฑ์, อสังหาริมทรัพย์, ทายาทตามกฎหมาย, จะ, and the guides on การจัดการมรดกและตั้งผู้จัดการมรดกในประเทศไทย และ making a last will in Thailand.
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