Article 357 — Judgment substituting a declaration of intent
Texte légal (original thaï)
การบังคับคดีในกรณีที่คำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลกำหนดให้ลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษากระทำนิติกรรมอย่างหนึ่งอย่างใดซึ่งอาจถือเอาคำพิพากษาของศาลแทนการแสดงเจตนาของลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาได้ และคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลไม่ได้กำหนดให้ถือเอาคำพิพากษาแทนการแสดงเจตนาของลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาไว้ เจ้าหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาอาจมีคำขอให้ศาลมีคำสั่งให้ถือเอาคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลแทนการแสดงเจตนาของลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษานั้นได้
ถ้าการแสดงเจตนาของลูกหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาจะบริบูรณ์ต่อเมื่อได้จดทะเบียนต่อนายทะเบียนพนักงานเจ้าหน้าที่ หรือบุคคลอื่นผู้มีอำนาจหน้าที่ตามกฎหมาย เจ้าหนี้ตามคำพิพากษาอาจมีคำขอให้ศาลสั่งให้ดำเนินการจดทะเบียนให้ก็ได้ ในกรณีเช่นนี้ ให้บุคคลดังกล่าวนั้นจดทะเบียนไปตามคำสั่งศาล
ถ้าหนังสือสำคัญ เช่น โฉนดที่ดิน ใบจอง หนังสือรับรองการทำประโยชน์ ใบทะเบียน หรือเอกสารสิทธิที่จะต้องใช้เพื่อการจดทะเบียนสูญหาย บุบสลาย หรือนำมาไม่ได้เพราะเหตุอื่นใด ศาลจะสั่งให้นายทะเบียน พนักงานเจ้าหน้าที่ หรือบุคคลผู้มีอำนาจหน้าที่ตามกฎหมายออกใบแทนหนังสือสำคัญดังกล่าวก็ได้ เมื่อได้ออกใบแทนแล้ว หนังสือสำคัญเดิมเป็นอันยกเลิก
traduction anglaise
Where a judgment or order of the court directs the judgment debtor to perform a juristic act that the court's judgment may be taken to substitute for the declaration of intention of the judgment debtor, and the judgment or order has not provided that the judgment shall be taken in place of the judgment debtor's declaration of intention, the judgment creditor may apply to the court for an order that the judgment or order be taken in place of the declaration of intention of the judgment debtor.
If the declaration of intention of the judgment debtor becomes complete only upon registration before a registrar, a competent official, or another person having legal authority, the judgment creditor may apply to the court to order that registration be carried out. In such case, that person shall register in accordance with the court's order.
If a document of title, such as a land title deed, a certificate of pre-emption, a certificate of utilisation, a register, or a document of right, that must be used for the registration is lost, damaged, or cannot be produced for any other reason, the court may order the registrar, competent official, or person having legal authority to issue a substitute for such document of title. Once the substitute is issued, the original document of title is cancelled.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Opening Part 1 of Chapter 5 on judgments to perform an act, this section provides the mechanism for enforcing a duty to make a juristic act, most commonly a transfer of land. Where the judgment did not already deem itself a substitute for the debtor's declaration of intention, the creditor may apply for such an order, and the court may direct the registrar to register accordingly and even issue a replacement title document if the original is missing. Introduced in this form by the Amendment Act (No. 30) B.E. 2560 effective 5 September 2560, the Supreme Court has held it does not disturb execution steps already valid, and applies to enforce settlement agreements and judgments alike.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
This is the section that lets you complete a land transfer the losing party refuses to sign. If your judgment does not already say the judgment stands in for their signature, file a motion under Section 357 so the court orders the land office to register the transfer to you. If the title deed is missing, the court can order a substitute issued, which cancels the old one. It works for settlement agreements too, even ones made before the 2560 amendment. Getting the wording of your request right matters; this is a common step in enforcing judgments in Thailand.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 4713/2566 (2023)
Where completion of a court-ordered juristic act depends on a land official registering a change on the title deed, the judgment creditor may, under Section 357 paragraph one, ask the court to order the registration; the court may direct the land official to cancel a registered gift and register transfer of ownership accordingly.
The court held the plaintiff need not first take the judgment in place of the defendant's declaration of intent before subdividing the land. Because the execution would be complete only when the land official registered the change on the deed, the plaintiff as judgment creditor could ask the court to order registration under Section 357 paragraph one, so the court properly directed the land official to cancel the gift registration and register the transfer.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 850/2565 (2022)
A party may apply under Section 357 paragraphs one and two for the court's judgment to be taken in place of the judgment debtor's declaration of intent, or for the land official to register a transfer under a settlement agreement; the Amendment Act No. 30 of B.E. 2560 does not affect execution procedures already valid, so it applies even to a settlement made before it took effect.
Defendant 2 was entitled to ask the court to take its judgment or order in place of the declaration of intent of defendants 1 and 3, as heirs and estate administrators, or to order the land official to register transfer of the disputed land under the settlement agreement. Although Section 357 was enacted by the Amendment Act No. 30 of B.E. 2560, effective 5 September 2560, after the 19 April 2559 settlement, the court held the Act does not affect execution procedures already valid.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 2674/2565 (2022)
A judgment creditor has the right to file a motion asking the court to take its judgment in place of the judgment debtor's declaration of intent where the judgment orders the debtor to perform a juristic act, and the first-instance court has power to consider and rule on such a motion under Section 357.
The court held the judgment creditor had authority to move the first-instance court to take the judgment in place of the two defendants' declaration of intent, this being execution of a judgment ordering them to perform a juristic act under Section 357, a lawful exercise of right, and the first-instance court had power to rule on the motion as the law provides.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
How do I transfer land the other party refuses to sign over?
Under Section 357, if your judgment orders the transfer, you can apply to the court to take the judgment in place of the debtor's declaration of intent and to order the land office to register the transfer.
What if the title deed needed for registration is lost?
Section 357 lets the court order the registrar or competent official to issue a substitute for the lost or damaged title document. Once issued, the original is cancelled.
Does Section 357 apply to a settlement agreement made before 2017?
Yes. The Supreme Court has held the provision, though enacted by the Amendment Act No. 30 of B.E. 2560, does not affect execution procedures already valid and can be used to enforce earlier settlement agreements.