Article 102: Manner of search and witnesses
Statutory text (Thai original)
การค้นในที่รโหฐานนั้น ก่อนลงมือค้นให้เจ้าพนักงานผู้ค้นแสดงความบริสุทธิ์เสียก่อน และเท่าที่สามารถจะทำได้ให้ค้นต่อหน้าผู้ครอบครองสถานที่หรือบุคคลในครอบครัวของผู้นั้น หรือถ้าหาบุคคลเช่นกล่าวนั้นไม่ได้ ก็ให้ค้นต่อหน้าบุคคลอื่นอย่างน้อยสองคนซึ่งเจ้าพนักงานได้ขอร้องมาเป็นพยานการค้นที่อยู่หรือสำนักงานของผู้ต้องหาหรือจำเลยซึ่งถูกควบคุมหรือขังอยู่ให้ทำต่อหน้าผู้นั้น ถ้าผู้นั้นไม่สามารถหรือไม่ติดใจมากำกับจะตั้งผู้แทนหรือให้พยานมากำกับก็ได้ ถ้าผู้แทนหรือพยานไม่มี ให้ค้นต่อหน้าบุคคลในครอบครัวหรือต่อหน้าพยานดังกล่าวในวรรคก่อนสิ่งของใดที่ยึดได้ต้องให้ผู้ครอบครองสถานที่ บุคคลในครอบครัว ผู้ต้องหา จำเลย ผู้แทนหรือพยานดูเพื่อให้รับรองว่าถูกต้อง ถ้าบุคคลเช่นกล่าวนั้นรับรองหรือไม่ยอมรับรองก็ให้บันทึกไว้
English translation
In a search of a private place, before commencing the search the officer conducting it shall first demonstrate his good faith, and, so far as practicable, shall conduct the search in the presence of the occupier of the place or a member of his family; or, if no such person can be found, shall conduct the search in the presence of at least two other persons whom the officer has requested to act as witnesses.
A search of the residence or office of a suspect or accused who is under custody or detention shall be conducted in his presence. If he is unable or unwilling to attend to supervise, he may appoint a representative or provide a witness to supervise. If there is no representative or witness, the search shall be conducted in the presence of a member of the family or in the presence of the witnesses mentioned in the preceding paragraph.
Any property seized must be shown to the occupier of the place, the member of the family, the suspect, the accused, the representative, or the witness, for confirmation that it is correct. Whether such person confirms it or refuses to confirm it, this shall be recorded.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 102 is the central provision on how a search of a private place must actually be carried out under Chapter 2 (Search). The first paragraph requires the officer to demonstrate good faith (for example, showing that nothing is being planted) and to search before the occupier, a family member, or two requested witnesses. The second paragraph gives a detained suspect or accused the right to have their home or office searched in their presence or before a chosen representative. The third paragraph requires seized items to be shown for confirmation and the response recorded. It works with Sections 97, 101, and 103, and non-compliance can undermine the evidential weight of what is seized.
Why this matters in practice
This section protects against evidence being planted or found out of sight. A finding of items away from the occupier or accused, when they could have been present, is a recognised weakness that courts scrutinise, especially in drug cases. If you were held at the front of the premises while items were found elsewhere, or seized items were never shown to you for confirmation, that can be raised at trial. See what to know before you go to court in Thailand.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 4793/2549 (2006)
Where the accused was held at the front of the house while the seized banknotes were found at the side and taken to an officer out of the accused's sight, the officer did not comply with the requirement in Section 102, first paragraph, to search in the presence of the occupier or accused.
The accused was under control at the front of the house while the banknotes were found at the side and carried to an officer there. The court held this showed the officer did not follow the rule in Section 102, first paragraph, which requires the search to be conducted, as far as practicable, in the presence of the occupier of the place or a member of the family, or two requested witnesses.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 375/2542 (1999)
Where the accused was alone at home with no obstacle to being present, officers who found heroin behind the house out of the accused's sight, instead of bringing the accused to witness the search, did not comply with Section 102, first paragraph.
The accused was alone at home with no apparent obstacle. After finding nothing inside, the officers should have taken the accused to the back of the house and searched in the accused's presence to show good faith and comply with the law; instead, the heroin was found behind the house out of the accused's sight. The court treated this as a failure to comply with Section 102, first paragraph.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 2892/2536 (1993)
A search of a place after the suspect has been released on bail is not a search of a detained suspect's residence under Section 102, second paragraph, but under the first paragraph; showing the warrant, searching before the keeper of the place, and recording the items found complies with Section 102.
Because the search of the workshop took place after the first accused had been released on temporary bail, it was not a search of a detained suspect's residence under the second paragraph of Section 102, but a search under the first paragraph. The officer exhibited the warrant, searched before the keeper of the workshop, and recorded the items found with the keeper's signature, so the search complied with Section 102.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 8 Supreme Court decisions (1976 to 2013)
Décisions de citation sélectionnées
- Decision 4793/2549 (2006)
- Decision 1455/2544 (2001)
- Decision 375/2542 (1999)
- Décision 2892/2536 (1993)
- Decision 395/2519 (1976)
- Decision 4791/2528 (1985)
- Décision 7035/2556 (2013)
- Décision 5455/2534 (1991)
Cette liste est sélectionnée automatiquement, en privilégiant les jugements qui reposent sur cet article plutôt que sur ceux qui se contentent de le citer lors du prononcé de la peine. Elle n'a pas encore été examinée par le cabinet.
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Foire aux questions
La police doit-elle perquisitionner mon domicile devant moi ou devant un témoin ?
Conformément à l'article 102, la perquisition doit, dans la mesure du possible, se dérouler en présence de l'occupant des lieux ou d'un membre de sa famille ou, à défaut, d'au moins deux témoins requis. Pour un suspect détenu, la perquisition de son domicile doit généralement se faire en sa présence.
Que se passe-t-il si des drogues sont trouvées hors de ma vue lors d'une perquisition ?
Les tribunaux examinent attentivement les objets trouvés loin de l'occupant ou de l'accusé alors qu'ils auraient pu être présents, car l'article 102(1) exige que la perquisition soit effectuée en leur présence dans la mesure du possible ; de telles conclusions peuvent avoir moins de poids.
La police est-elle tenue de me montrer les objets saisis ?
Oui. L'article 102 exige que les biens saisis soient présentés à l'occupant, à un membre de sa famille, au suspect, à l'accusé, à son représentant ou à un témoin pour confirmation, et toute confirmation ou tout refus doit être consigné.
Guides connexes sur ThaiLawOnline
Citer cette section
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Citation simple
Criminal Procedure Code, s. 102 (Thailand) -
Citation académique
Criminal Procedure Code (Thailand), s. 102. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-criminal-procedure-code/section-102/ (accessed 1 septembre 2026). -
Citation thaïlandaise
ป.วิ.อ. มาตรา 102 -
Lien permanent
https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-criminal-procedure-code/section-102/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-criminal-procedure-code/section-102/"><p>In a search of a private place, before commencing the search the officer conducting it shall first demonstrate his good faith, and, so far as practicable, shall conduct the search in the presence of the occupier of the place or a member of his family;…</p><footer>Criminal Procedure Code, s. 102 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-criminal-procedure-code/section-102/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.