Article 90 — Remedy against unlawful custody
Texte légal (original thaï)
เมื่อมีการอ้างว่าบุคคลใดต้องถูกคุมขังในคดีอาญาหรือในกรณีอื่นใดโดยมิชอบด้วยกฎหมาย
บุคคลเหล่านี้มีสิทธิยื่นคำร้องต่อศาลท้องที่ที่มีอำนาจพิจารณาคดีอาญาขอให้ปล่อย
คือ
(๑) ผู้ถูกคุมขังเอง
(๒) พนักงานอัยการ
(๓) พนักงานสอบสวน
(๔)
ผู้บัญชาการเรือนจำหรือพัศดี
(๕) สามี ภริยา
หรือญาติของผู้นั้น หรือบุคคลอื่นใดเพื่อประโยชน์ของผู้ถูกคุมขังเมื่อได้รับคำร้องดั่งนั้น
ให้ศาลดำเนินการไต่สวนฝ่ายเดียวโดยด่วน ถ้าศาลเห็นว่าคำร้องนั้นมีมูล ศาลมีอำนาจสั่งผู้คุมขังให้นำตัวผู้ถูกคุมขังมาศาลโดยพลัน
และถ้าผู้คุมขังแสดงให้เป็นที่พอใจแก่ศาลไม่ได้ว่าการคุมขังเป็นการชอบด้วยกฎหมาย
ให้ศาลสั่งปล่อยตัวผู้ถูกคุมขังไปทันที
traduction anglaise
When it is alleged that a person is being held in custody in a criminal case, or in any other case, unlawfully, the following persons have the right to file an application with the local court having the power to try the criminal case, requesting release, namely:
(1) the person held in custody himself;
(2) the public prosecutor;
(3) the investigating officer;
(4) the warden of the prison or the jailer;
(5) the husband, wife, or a relative of that person, or any other person for the benefit of the person held in custody.
Upon receiving such an application, the court shall conduct an ex parte examination without delay. If the court finds that the application has merit, the court has the power to order the custodian to bring the person held in custody to the court forthwith; and if the custodian cannot satisfy the court that the custody is lawful, the court shall order the immediate release of the person held in custody.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 90 is Thailand's habeas corpus style remedy against unlawful detention, closing Chapter 1. It lists who may apply, extends beyond criminal cases to any unlawful custody, and directs the local criminal court to hold an urgent ex parte examination, to produce the detainee if the application has merit, and to release immediately unless the custodian proves the custody lawful. It is the safeguard behind the detention limits in sections 87 to 89, and courts read it with the Civil Procedure Code (via section 15) on matters like duplicate petitions. Detention validly ordered after indictment under sections 71 and 88 is not unlawful for these purposes.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
This is the fastest tool to challenge a detention you believe is unlawful, whether by police, immigration, or another authority: a spouse, relative, or anyone acting for the detainee can file, and the court must act urgently. It has succeeded, for example, where a person was held beyond the limits allowed by the Immigration Act. Because these applications move quickly and turn on precise facts, act at once with a lawyer; a consultation with a Thai lawyer can help you file without delay.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1181/2564 (2021)
Holding a person in a police lock-up beyond the limits allowed by the applicable law (here the Immigration Act) is unlawful custody in another case within the meaning of Section 90, entitling the court to order release.
A person was held in a police station lock-up for fourteen days without complying with the Immigration Act; the court held this was unlawful custody in another case under Section 90 and upheld relief in the applicant's favor.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 8099/2559 (2016)
A Section 90 application alleging unlawful custody may be dismissed as a duplicate petition under Civil Procedure Code section 173 paragraph two (1), applied through Section 15 CrPC, where an identical petition on the same custody is already pending.
Because the applicant had already filed an identical petition alleging the same unlawful custody, the court treated the later Section 90 petition as a duplicate petition barred under CPC section 173(2)(1) via Section 15 CrPC.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
How can I challenge an unlawful detention in Thailand?
Under Section 90 you can file an application with the local court that has power to try the criminal case, and the court will hold an urgent ex parte examination and order immediate release if the custodian cannot show the detention is lawful.
Who can file a Section 90 application for someone in custody?
The detainee, the public prosecutor, the investigating officer, the prison warden or jailer, or the husband, wife, relative, or any other person acting for the benefit of the person held in custody.
Does Section 90 cover immigration detention?
Yes. It applies to unlawful custody in a criminal case or in any other case, and Thai courts have granted relief where a person was held beyond the limits allowed under the Immigration Act.