Article 181 — Safeguards for amending pleadings
Texte légal (original thaï)
เว้นแต่ในกรณีที่คำร้องนั้นอาจทำได้แต่ฝ่ายเดียว
(๑) ห้ามไม่ให้มีคำสั่งยอมรับการแก้ไข เว้นแต่จะได้ส่งสำเนาคำร้องให้แก่คู่ความอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งทราบล่วงหน้าอย่างน้อยสามวัน ก่อนกำหนดนัดพิจารณาคำร้องนั้น
(๒) ห้ามมิให้ศาลพิพากษาหรือมีคำสั่งชี้ขาดในประเด็นที่คู่ความได้แก้ไขคำฟ้อง หรือคำให้การ เว้นแต่คู่ความอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งจะได้มีโอกาสบริบูรณ์ในอันที่จะตรวจโต้แย้งและหักล้างข้อหาหรือข้อต่อสู้ใหม่ หรือข้ออ้าง หรือข้อเถียงใหม่ที่กล่าวไว้ในคำร้องขอแก้ไขนั้น
traduction anglaise
Except in a case where the motion may be made by one party only: (1) the court shall not order acceptance of the amendment unless a copy of the motion has been served on the other party in advance at least three days before the date fixed for hearing that motion; (2) the court shall not give judgment or a ruling on an issue on which a party has amended the complaint or the answer, unless the other party has had a full opportunity to examine, contest, and rebut the new claim or new defence, or the new allegation or argument, stated in the motion for amendment.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 181 protects the adversarial balance whenever a pleading is amended under Sections 179 and 180. It has two guarantees. First, unless the motion is one that may be made ex parte, the court may not accept the amendment without serving a copy on the other party at least three days before the hearing. Second, the court may not decide any amended issue until the other side has had a full opportunity to examine and rebut the new claim, defence, allegation, or argument. Breach of these safeguards is a procedural irregularity, often addressed together with Section 21 on motions, and can lead an appellate court to revoke the order allowing the amendment.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
If your opponent amends, insist on being served and on a proper chance to respond, these are not formalities. An order accepting an amendment without the three-day service, or a judgment on an amended point before you could rebut it, is vulnerable on appeal. Conversely, if you are the one amending, make sure the copy is served and the other side is heard, so your hard-won amendment is not later undone for a procedural slip.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1347/2557 (2014)
Where the plaintiff amends the complaint, Section 181 (2) entitles the defendant to seek leave to amend the answer and rebut the plaintiff's new allegations. A defendant who does not use that opportunity and consents to proceed is left with its original defence.
After the plaintiff amended its damages claim, the defendant could have moved to amend its answer under Section 181 (2) but did not, and allowed the evidence to be taken and concluded that day. The Court treated the defendant as standing on its original defence.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 5598/2551 (2008)
A motion to amend the complaint is not one that may be made ex parte. Allowing the amendment without serving a copy on the defendant and giving it a chance to examine and rebut violates Section 181 read with Section 21, and the order must be revoked.
The Central Tax Court had allowed an amendment without serving the defendant. It revoked its own order for breach of Section 181 read with Section 21, then examined the motion, which turned out to correct a misspelled director's name.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 551/2550 (2007)
Even where the court has not strictly followed Section 181 (1) before ruling, leave to amend may still be granted where the amendment motion was timely under Section 180, the other party suffered no prejudice, and it could still prove its case.
The objector's motion to amend was filed within the time allowed by Section 180. The Court held that despite an imperfect application of Section 181 (1), the objector had suffered no prejudice and there was good reason to permit the amendment.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
Does the other party have to be notified of an amendment motion?
Yes, unless the motion may be made ex parte. Under Section 181 (1) the court cannot accept the amendment unless a copy is served on the other party at least three days before the hearing.
Can the court rule on an amended point right away?
No. Section 181 (2) bars the court from deciding an amended issue until the other party has had a full opportunity to examine and rebut the new claim, defence, or argument.
What happens if these safeguards are ignored?
The order accepting the amendment can be an irregular proceeding and may be revoked, often analysed together with Section 21 on motions, especially where the other party was denied a chance to respond.