Section 84/1 — Burden of proof and presumptions
Texte légal (original thaï)
คู่ความฝ่ายใดกล่าวอ้างข้อเท็จจริงเพื่อสนับสนุนคำคู่ความของตน ให้คู่ความฝ่ายนั้นมีภาระการพิสูจน์ข้อเท็จจริงนั้น แต่ถ้ามีข้อสันนิษฐานไว้ในกฎหมายหรือมีข้อสันนิษฐานที่ควรจะเป็นซึ่งปรากฏจากสภาพปกติธรรมดาของเหตุการณ์เป็นคุณแก่คู่ความฝ่ายใด คู่ความฝ่ายนั้นต้องพิสูจน์เพียงว่าตนได้ปฏิบัติตามเงื่อนไขแห่งการที่ตนจะได้รับประโยชน์จากข้อสันนิษฐานนั้นครบถ้วนแล้ว
traduction anglaise
A party who asserts a fact in support of its pleading shall bear the burden of proving that fact. However, where there is a presumption laid down by law, or a natural presumption arising from the ordinary course of events, in favor of a party, that party need only prove that it has fully complied with the conditions for obtaining the benefit of that presumption.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 84/1 states the general rule on the burden of proof: the party asserting a fact must prove it. It then carves out the effect of presumptions, whether laid down by statute or arising naturally from the ordinary course of events. Where a presumption favors a party, that party need only prove it satisfied the conditions triggering the presumption, and the opposing party then bears the burden of disproving the presumed fact. The section sits alongside Section 84 on what must be proved at all, and it interacts with substantive presumptions found in the Civil and Commercial Code and elsewhere.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
Who carries the burden of proof often decides the case, because the party that must prove a fact loses if the evidence is evenly balanced. Before litigating, work out which facts you must prove and whether any presumption, for example the presumption of ownership from possession, shifts the burden to the other side. In a debt claim, for instance, a debtor who says the loan was repaid must prove it. This is worth analyzing early with counsel, especially in a debt collection dispute.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 514/2567 (2024)
A party asserting a fact, such as a debtor claiming a loan has been fully repaid, bears the burden of proving it under Section 84/1, and unsupported testimony is insufficient to discharge that burden.
The defendant company asserted it had fully repaid the loan, so under Section 84/1 it bore the burden of proof. With the loan still recorded as outstanding in its own financial statements and only a single witness giving bare, uncorroborated testimony of repayment, the court found it had not discharged that burden.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1589/2567 (2024)
Where a party benefits from a legal presumption, such as the presumption of ownership arising from possession, the opposing party bears the burden under Section 84/1 of proving facts to support its own contrary case.
The plaintiff benefited from the presumption of ownership arising from possession, so the second defendant, who claimed the disputed land had been sold and given to him, bore the burden under Section 84/1. Because that defendant did not testify to confirm the alleged sale and possession, he failed to prove his case.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 2008/2567 (2024)
A natural presumption arising from the ordinary course of events, such as a fire originating from an electrical short circuit, may operate in a party's favor under Section 84/1 and place on the opponent the burden of proving the contrary.
The plaintiff insurer alleged the fire in an underground car park arose from the defendant's negligence, and the appellate court found the plaintiff benefited from a presumption under Section 84/1 that the fire came from an electrical short circuit. The Supreme Court examined whether that finding went beyond the pleadings and the evidence.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
Who has the burden of proof under Section 84/1?
The party that asserts a fact to support its pleading must prove that fact, unless a presumption in its favor shifts the burden.
How does a legal presumption affect the burden of proof?
A party favored by a presumption need only prove it met the conditions for the presumption; the opposing party then bears the burden of proving the contrary.