Article 84: Basis for finding facts
Statutory text (Thai original)
การวินิจฉัยปัญหาข้อเท็จจริงในคดีใดจะต้องกระทำโดยอาศัยพยานหลักฐานในสำนวนคดีนั้น เว้นแต่
(๑) ข้อเท็จจริงซึ่งรู้กันอยู่ทั่วไป
(๒) ข้อเท็จจริงซึ่งไม่อาจโต้แย้งได้ หรือ
(๓) ข้อเท็จจริงที่คู่ความรับหรือถือว่ารับกันแล้วในศาล
English translation
The determination of a question of fact in any case shall be made on the basis of the evidence in the record of that case, except: (1) facts that are commonly known; (2) facts that cannot be disputed; or (3) facts that the parties have admitted, or are deemed to have admitted, in court.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 84 opens Chapter 1 on the general principles of evidence and states the core rule that findings of fact must rest on the evidence in the case record. It then lists three categories that need no proof: commonly known facts, indisputable facts, and facts admitted or deemed admitted in court. The third category links closely to the pleadings and to admissions made during the proceedings, while the second commonly arises where a final judgment binds the parties. Section 84 works together with Section 84/1 on the burden of proof and with Sections 85 to 87 on adducing and admitting evidence.
Why this matters in practice
For litigants this section shapes what you actually have to prove. Anything you admit in your pleadings or in court, or that is already settled by a binding final judgment, is off the table and cannot be re-argued, so admissions must be made carefully. Conversely, a disputed fact stands or falls on the evidence in the record, which is why building that record matters. To understand how facts are proved in a Thai courtroom, see what to know before you go to court in Thailand.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 1201/2567 (2024)
Under Section 84 (3), facts that the parties admit or are deemed to admit in court, such as the correctness of an agreed boundary map, are established without the need for further evidence, and an issue the parties have waived is treated accordingly.
In a boundary dispute the parties certified the correctness of the boundaries shown on the survey map and waived one of the framed issues. The Supreme Court examined, under Section 84 (3), whether the appellate court could still decide the waived issue, treating admitted facts of that kind as settled without further evidence.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 1399/2566 (2023)
Under Section 84 (3), facts that the parties admit or are deemed to admit during the proceedings and that the court recognizes must be taken as conclusively settled, and no evidence need be taken on them.
The court held that facts admitted or deemed admitted during the proceedings, and recognized by the court, must be accepted as final so that no further evidence is required on them. On that basis a survey map prepared before the taking of evidence, showing the parties' and the disputed boundaries, formed part of the settled record.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 740/2566 (2023)
Under Section 84 (2), a fact conclusively determined by a final judgment binding on the parties cannot be disputed, so a party may not assert facts contrary to that judgment.
A final civil judgment had determined that the complainant owned the land and house and that the defendant had committed a trespass by cutting the padlock. The court held that this binding judgment prevented the defendant from asserting contrary facts, being barred under Section 84 (2), applied through the Criminal Procedure Code, and it upheld the trespass conviction.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 116 Supreme Court decisions (1945 to 2024)
Décisions de citation sélectionnées
- Decision 1201/2567 (2024)
- Décision 4137/2564 (2021)
- Decision 7168/2561 (2018)
- Decision 5112/2560 (2017)
- Decision 10157/2559 (2016)
- Decision 14166/2558 (2015)
- Decision 12747/2558 (2015)
- Decision 4961/2558 (2015)
Cette liste est sélectionnée automatiquement, en privilégiant les jugements qui reposent sur cet article plutôt que sur ceux qui se contentent de le citer lors du prononcé de la peine. Elle n'a pas encore été examinée par le cabinet.
Le plus souvent cité aux côtés de
- Article 177 15
- Article 87 9
- Article 142 8
- Article 88 7
- Article 249 7
- Article 225 4
Sections qui apparaissent le plus souvent dans les mêmes jugements que celui-ci. Le chiffre correspond au nombre de décisions.
Calculé sur l'ensemble du corpus de 83 652 décisions de la Cour suprême du cabinet, de 1921 à 2026. Le décompte est exhaustif ; la plage d'années indiquée élimine les valeurs aberrantes rares afin de refléter la répartition réelle des citations. Ces chiffres sont calculés par nos soins et ne constituent pas des statistiques officielles de la Cour. Comment nous les comptons et ce que nous avons mesuré
Foire aux questions
Quels sont les faits qu'une partie n'a pas à prouver en vertu de l'article 84 ?
Les faits notoires, les faits incontestables et les faits que les parties ont admis ou sont réputées avoir admis devant le tribunal n'ont pas besoin d'être prouvés.
Une partie peut-elle contester ultérieurement un fait qu'elle a admis devant un tribunal ?
Non. En vertu de l’article 84 (3), un fait admis ou réputé admis devant le tribunal est établi et n’a pas à être, et ne peut généralement pas être, prouvé à nouveau.
Guides connexes sur ThaiLawOnline
Citer cette section
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Citation simple
Civil Procedure Code, s. 84 (Thailand) -
Citation académique
Civil Procedure Code (Thailand), s. 84. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-84/ (accessed 1 septembre 2026). -
Citation thaïlandaise
ป.วิ.พ. มาตรา 84 -
Lien permanent
https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-84/ -
Intégrer sur votre site
<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-84/"><p>The determination of a question of fact in any case shall be made on the basis of the evidence in the record of that case, except: (1) facts that are commonly known; (2) facts that cannot be disputed; or (3) facts that the parties have…</p><footer>Civil Procedure Code, s. 84 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-84/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.