Section 199 quater — Deadline and contents of new trial application
Texte légal (original thaï)
คำขอให้พิจารณาคดีใหม่นั้น ให้ยื่นต่อศาลภายในสิบห้าวันนับจากวันที่ได้ส่งคำบังคับตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งให้แก่จำเลยที่ขาดนัดยื่นคำให้การ แต่ถ้าศาลได้กำหนดการอย่างใด ๆ เพื่อส่งคำบังคับเช่นว่านี้โดยวิธีส่งหมายธรรมดาหรือโดยวิธีอื่นแทน จะต้องได้มีการปฏิบัติตามข้อกำหนดนั้นแล้ว ในกรณีที่จำเลยที่ขาดนัดยื่นคำให้การไม่สามารถยื่นคำขอภายในระยะเวลาที่กำหนดโดยพฤติการณ์นอกเหนือไม่อาจบังคับได้ จำเลยนั้นอาจยื่นคำขอให้พิจารณาคดีใหม่ได้ภายในกำหนดสิบห้าวันนับแต่วันที่พฤติการณ์นั้นได้สิ้นสุดลง แต่กรณีจะเป็นอย่างไรก็ตามห้ามมิให้ยื่นคำขอเช่นว่านี้เมื่อพ้นกำหนดหกเดือนนับแต่วันที่ได้ยึดทรัพย์หรือได้มีการบังคับตามคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งโดยวิธีอื่น
คำขอตามวรรคหนึ่งให้กล่าวโดยชัดแจ้งซึ่งเหตุที่จำเลยได้ขาดนัดยื่นคำให้การและข้อคัดค้านคำตัดสินชี้ขาดของศาลที่แสดงให้เห็นว่าหากศาลได้พิจารณาคดีนั้นใหม่ตนอาจเป็นฝ่ายชนะ และในกรณีที่ยื่นคำขอล่าช้า ให้แสดงเหตุแห่งการที่ล่าช้านั้นด้วย
traduction anglaise
The application for a new trial shall be filed with the court within fifteen days from the date the writ of execution under the judgment or order is served upon the defendant in default of answer. However, if the court has made any arrangement for serving such writ of execution by ordinary service or by other substituted means, that arrangement must have been complied with. Where the defendant in default of answer is unable to file the application within the prescribed period owing to circumstances beyond his control, that defendant may file the application for a new trial within fifteen days from the date on which such circumstances cease. In any case, however, no such application may be filed after the expiry of six months from the date of the seizure of property or of execution of the judgment or order by other means.
The application under paragraph one shall state clearly the grounds on which the defendant was in default of answer and the objections to the court's adjudication showing that, if the case were tried anew, he might be the winning party; and where the application is filed late, the grounds for the delay shall also be stated.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 199 quater fixes the timetable and the required content for the new trial application allowed by Section 199 ter. The ordinary deadline is fifteen days from service of the writ of execution, subject to that service having followed any arrangement the court set under Section 199 bis. The section builds in relief for circumstances beyond the defendant's control, restarting the fifteen days from when those circumstances end, but caps everything with a hard six-month outer limit measured from seizure of property or other enforcement. Paragraph two imposes a substantive pleading burden: the application must clearly set out why the default happened and a merits-based case showing the defendant might win on retrial, plus, for a late application, the reason for the delay. A defective or bare application can be dismissed on its face.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
Treat the fifteen-day clock as unforgiving and diary it from the day the writ of execution reaches you. If something truly outside your control delayed you, say so and prove it, but remember the absolute cut-off of six months from enforcement. Above all, do not file a thin application: you must spell out both why you missed the answer and a real, specific reason you could win a retrial, or the court can reject it at the door. This is a step where professional drafting pays off.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 3607/2561 (2018)
A new trial application satisfies Section 199 quater paragraph two where it clearly states the grounds for the default, the objections to the judgment showing the applicant might win on retrial, and, if filed late, the reason for the delay.
The Supreme Court found that the applicant's new trial application clearly set out the grounds for the default of answer, the objections showing a possible win on retrial, and the reason for the late filing, and so complied with Section 199 quater paragraph two, read with the juvenile and family court procedure law.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1132/2559 (2016)
A supplementary filing explaining the grounds for the default and the reason for the delay serves only to complete the required contents of the new trial application under Section 199 quater paragraph two; it does not by itself extend or revive the right to apply.
The defendants filed a supplement explaining the grounds for their default and the delay to complete their new trial application under Section 199 quater paragraph two. The Supreme Court held this only allowed a second application without it being treated as a repeated proceeding; the adequacy of the application still had to be assessed on its own terms.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1714/2567 (2024)
The fifteen-day period to apply for a new trial under Section 199 quater paragraph one, read with Section 207, is strict, so an application filed after that period, as well as after the Section 27 eight-day period for setting aside irregular proceedings, is out of time.
The plaintiff argued the defendant's request came too late, beyond both the eight-day period under Section 27 paragraph two and the fifteen-day period under Section 207 read with Section 199 quater paragraph one. The Supreme Court examined the timing against these limits in deciding whether the defendant's application was in time.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
What is the deadline to apply for a new trial after a default judgment?
Under Section 199 quater, the application must be filed within fifteen days from service of the writ of execution. If circumstances beyond the defendant's control caused delay, the fifteen days run from when they end, but never beyond six months from enforcement.
What must a new trial application contain?
It must clearly state the grounds for the default and objections to the judgment showing the defendant might win on retrial, and where filed late, the reason for the delay, as required by Section 199 quater paragraph two.
Is there an absolute time limit for a new trial application?
Yes. No application may be filed after six months from the seizure of property or execution of the judgment by other means, regardless of any excuse for delay.