Code pénal

Article 89: Personal grounds versus offence-nature grounds

Statutory text (Thai original)

ถ้ามีเหตุส่วนตัวอันควรยกเว้นโทษ ลดโทษหรือเพิ่มโทษแก่ผู้กระทำความผิดคนใด จะนำเหตุนั้นไปใช้แก่ผู้กระทำความผิดคนอื่นในการกระทำความผิดนั้นด้วยไม่ได้ แต่ถ้าเหตุอันควรยกเว้นโทษ ลดโทษหรือเพิ่มโทษเป็นเหตุในลักษณะคดี จึงให้ใช้แก่ผู้กระทำความผิดในการกระทำความผิดนั้นด้วยกันทุกคน

English translation

If there is a ground personal to any offender that operates to exempt from punishment, to reduce punishment, or to increase punishment, that ground applies only to that particular offender.
If there is a ground relating to the nature of the offence that operates to exempt from punishment, to reduce punishment, or to increase punishment, that ground applies to every offender.

This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.

Firm annotation

Section 89 is a general-part allocation rule in Book 1, applied constantly where several people join in one offence as principals, instigators or supporters. It draws a sharp line between two categories: a ground personal to an offender (for example that offender's own age, relationship to the victim, or personal circumstances) reaches only that offender, whereas a ground rooted in the nature of the offence (a ground in the nature of the case) reaches all co-offenders. In practice the Supreme Court treats an offence-nature ground as one it may extend even to a co-defendant who did not appeal, because it belongs to the case rather than to the individual. The section works together with the principal and supporter provisions in Sections 83 to 86 and with the specific exemption, reduction and increase provisions scattered through the Code.

Why this matters in practice

This section can change outcomes for co-defendants dramatically. If a mitigating or exempting ground belongs to the nature of the offence, it lifts liability for everyone charged in that act, so a defendant who succeeds on appeal can pull a non-appealing co-defendant up with them; a purely personal ground does not travel. When you are one of several accused, it is worth identifying early whether the favourable point is personal or attaches to the case itself, because that classification decides who it protects. A lawyer can map which grounds apply to whom; you can consult a Thai lawyer online to review a multi-defendant matter.

Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section

  1. Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 7086/2559 (2016)

    A ground in the nature of the case under Section 89 applies to all offenders in the same act, so the Supreme Court may extend an acquittal or non-punishment to a co-defendant who did not appeal.

    The Supreme Court found the point in favour of the appealing defendants was a ground in the nature of the case, and under Section 89 it extended the result to the co-defendant who had not filed an appeal, so that defendant also was not punished.

  2. Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 8701/2547 (2004)

    Because grounds in the nature of the case under Section 89 apply to every offender in the same act, the court's power to correct the judgment reaches a co-defendant who did not appeal.

    The issues in the case were treated as grounds in the nature of the case under Section 89, which apply to all co-offenders, so the Supreme Court exercised its power to extend the corrected judgment to the co-defendant who had not appealed.

  3. Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 997/2544 (2001)

    Where the nature of the offence and circumstances form a ground in the nature of the case under Section 89, the court may extend a favourable disposition, such as a suspended sentence, to a co-defendant who did not appeal.

    Treating the nature of the offence as a ground in the nature of the case, the Supreme Court extended a suspension of the imprisonment sentence to the co-defendant who had not appealed, in line with Section 89.

Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.

Cited in 21 Supreme Court decisions (1957 to 2016)

Décisions de citation sélectionnées

  • Decision 997/2544 (2001)
  • Decision 6503/2541 (1998)
  • Decision 5838/2541 (1998)
  • Decision 5333/2538 (1995)
  • Decision 3342/2534 (1991)
  • Decision 346/2529 (1986)
  • Decision 3324/2522 (1979)
  • Decision 1604/2512 (1969)

Cette liste est sélectionnée automatiquement, en privilégiant les jugements qui reposent sur cet article plutôt que sur ceux qui se contentent de le citer lors du prononcé de la peine. Elle n'a pas encore été examinée par le cabinet.

Le plus souvent cité aux côtés de

Sections qui apparaissent le plus souvent dans les mêmes jugements que celui-ci. Le chiffre correspond au nombre de décisions.

Calculé sur l'ensemble du corpus de 83 652 décisions de la Cour suprême du cabinet, de 1921 à 2026. Le décompte est exhaustif ; la plage d'années indiquée élimine les valeurs aberrantes rares afin de refléter la répartition réelle des citations. Ces chiffres sont calculés par nos soins et ne constituent pas des statistiques officielles de la Cour. Comment nous les comptons et ce que nous avons mesuré

Foire aux questions

Quelle est la différence entre un motif personnel et un motif lié à la nature de l'offense ?

Un motif personnel dépend de la situation particulière de chaque délinquant et ne lui est favorable ou défavorable qu'à lui. Un motif lié à la nature de l'infraction se rattache à l'acte lui-même et s'applique à tous les délinquants impliqués.

Un coaccusé qui n'a pas fait appel peut-il encore en bénéficier ?

Oui, si le point favorable constitue un motif de même nature que l'infraction visée à l'article 89, le tribunal peut étendre le bénéfice à un coaccusé qui n'a pas interjeté appel.

Guides connexes sur ThaiLawOnline

Citer cette section

  • Citation simple Penal Code, s. 89 (Thailand)
  • Citation académique Penal Code (Thailand), s. 89. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-89/ (accessed 30 août 2026).
  • Citation thaïlandaise ป.อ. มาตรา 89
  • Lien permanent https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-89/
  • Intégrer sur votre site <blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-89/"><p>If there is a ground personal to any offender that operates to exempt from punishment, to reduce punishment, or to increase punishment, that ground applies only to that particular offender. If there is a ground relating to the nature of the offence that operates to…</p><footer>Penal Code, s. 89 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-89/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>

The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.

Ce document a une vocation pédagogique et ne constitue pas un avis juridique. Veuillez consulter un avocat thaïlandais qualifié avant de vous fier à toute disposition de ce document.

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