Article 224 — Capital-sum bar on factual appeals
Texte légal (original thaï)
ในคดีที่ราคาทรัพย์สินหรือจำนวนทุนทรัพย์ที่พิพาทกันในชั้นอุทธรณ์ไม่เกินห้าหมื่นบาทหรือไม่เกินจำนวนที่กำหนดในพระราชกฤษฎีกา ห้ามมิให้คู่ความอุทธรณ์ในข้อเท็จจริง เว้นแต่ผู้พิพากษาที่นั่งพิจารณาคดีนั้นในศาลชั้นต้นได้ทำความเห็นแย้งไว้หรือได้รับรองว่ามีเหตุอันควรอุทธรณ์ได้ หรือถ้าไม่มีความเห็นแย้งหรือคำรับรองเช่นว่านี้ต้องได้รับอนุญาตให้อุทธรณ์เป็นหนังสือจากอธิบดีผู้พิพากษาศาลชั้นต้นหรืออธิบดีผู้พิพากษาภาคผู้มีอำนาจ แล้วแต่กรณีบทบัญญัติในวรรคหนึ่งมิให้ใช้บังคับในคดีเกี่ยวด้วยสิทธิแห่งสภาพบุคคลหรือสิทธิในครอบครัวและคดีฟ้องขอให้ปลดเปลื้องทุกข์อันไม่อาจคำนวณเป็นราคาเงินได้ เว้นแต่ในคดีฟ้องขับไล่บุคคลใด ๆ ออกจากอสังหาริมทรัพย์อันมีค่าเช่าหรืออาจให้เช่าได้ในขณะยื่นคำฟ้องไม่เกินเดือนละสี่พันบาทหรือไม่เกินจำนวนที่กำหนดในพระราชกฤษฎีกาการขอให้ผู้พิพากษาที่นั่งพิจารณาคดีในศาลชั้นต้นรับรองว่ามีเหตุอันควรอุทธรณ์ได้ ให้ผู้อุทธรณ์ยื่นคำร้องถึงผู้พิพากษานั้น พร้อมกับคำฟ้องอุทธรณ์ต่อศาลชั้นต้น เมื่อศาลได้รับคำร้องเช่นว่านั้น ให้ศาลส่งคำร้องพร้อมด้วยสำนวนความไปยังผู้พิพากษาดังกล่าวเพื่อพิจารณารับรอง
traduction anglaise
In a case where the value of the property or the amount in dispute in the appeal does not exceed fifty thousand baht or does not exceed the amount prescribed by royal decree, the parties are prohibited from appealing on questions of fact, unless the judge who sat in the trial of the case in the court of first instance gave a dissenting opinion or certified that there was reasonable ground for appeal, or, where there is no such dissenting opinion or certification, unless written permission to appeal has been obtained from the Chief Judge of the court of first instance or the Chief Judge of the Region having authority, as the case may be.
The provisions of paragraph one shall not apply to cases concerning the status of persons or family rights, and to cases seeking relief that cannot be calculated as a monetary value, except in a case seeking to evict a person from immovable property with a rent, or a possible rent at the time of filing the complaint, not exceeding four thousand baht per month or not exceeding the amount prescribed by royal decree.
A request for the judge who sat in the trial of the case in the court of first instance to certify that there is reasonable ground for appeal shall be made by the appellant filing a motion addressed to that judge, together with the appeal complaint, with the court of first instance. When the court receives such motion, it shall send the motion together with the case file to the said judge for consideration of the certification.
Cette traduction anglaise est fournie à titre indicatif uniquement et n'a pas encore été vérifiée de manière définitive ; référez-vous toujours à l'original thaï.
Annotation de l'entreprise
Section 224 is the central restriction on the appeal right stated in Section 223, filtering out small-value factual disputes to conserve appellate resources. Where the amount in dispute on appeal does not exceed fifty thousand baht, a party may still appeal on law but not on fact, unless one of the statutory gateways opens: a trial judge's dissent, a trial judge's certification of reasonable ground, or written permission from the Chief Judge of the court of first instance or of the Region. Paragraph two carves out cases on personal status, family rights, and non-monetary relief, reflecting their importance beyond money value, but claws back low-rent eviction cases so they remain subject to the bar. Paragraph three fixes the mechanics: the certification request must be filed as a motion to the trial judge together with the appeal, and the court then routes it with the file to that judge.
Pourquoi cela est important en pratique
Before appealing a small-value case, check the amount in dispute on appeal, not the original claim, because it is that figure that triggers the 50,000 baht bar. If your appeal turns on facts and falls under the threshold, you must secure a judge's certification or a Chief Judge's written permission, and the certification motion has to be filed together with the appeal itself, not later. Note that disputed items can be aggregated to cross the threshold. Family and status cases are generally exempt; discuss your route in a consultation with a Thai lawyer.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 4325/2566 (2023)
For the 50,000 baht threshold under Section 224 paragraph one, the disputed amounts of the items an appellant challenges are aggregated; where the combined value exceeds 50,000 baht, the appeal on questions of fact is not barred even if one item alone is below the threshold.
Although one property item was valued at only about 32,484 baht, the objector's appeal covered three items with a combined value of about 1,879,495 baht. The Supreme Court held the case exceeded 50,000 baht and so was not barred from factual appeal under Section 224 paragraph one, and the Court of Appeal was required to decide the appeal on that item too.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 5551/2567 (2024)
Where a special statute does not lay down its own procedure for obtaining permission to appeal on the facts, the procedure in Section 224 (final paragraph) applies by analogy: the appellant must file a motion together with the appeal asking the judge who tried or signed the judgment to permit the factual appeal, and failing to do so defeats it.
Because the special Kwaeng Court statute contained no specific rule for obtaining permission to appeal on the facts, the Supreme Court applied Section 224 (final paragraph) of this Code by analogy: the appellant had to file a motion with the appeal asking the trial judge to permit the factual appeal. Having failed to file such a motion, the appellant could not proceed on the facts.
Décisions sélectionnées avec numéros de dossier vérifiés dans la base de données de la Cour suprême. Les versions anglaises sont des traductions éditoriales réalisées par le cabinet à des fins d'étude.
Foire aux questions
When can you not appeal on the facts in a Thai civil case?
Under Section 224, if the amount in dispute on appeal is 50,000 baht or less you cannot appeal on questions of fact, unless a trial judge dissented or certified reasonable grounds, or a Chief Judge gives written permission.
Does the 50,000 baht bar apply to family and status cases?
No. Section 224 paragraph two exempts cases on personal status, family rights, and non-monetary relief, though low-rent eviction cases (rent not over 4,000 baht per month) remain subject to the bar.
How do you ask a judge to certify grounds for a factual appeal?
Under Section 224 paragraph three, the appellant files a motion addressed to the trial judge together with the appeal complaint at the court of first instance, which then forwards the motion and case file to that judge.