Article 339: Robbery
Statutory text (Thai original)
ผู้ใดลักทรัพย์โดยใช้กำลังประทุษร้าย หรือขู่เข็ญว่าในทันใดนั้นจะใช้กำลังประทุษร้าย เพื่อ (๑) ให้ความสะดวกแก่การลักทรัพย์หรือการพาทรัพย์นั้นไป (๒) ให้ยื่นให้ซึ่งทรัพย์นั้น (๓) ยึดถือเอาทรัพย์นั้นไว้ (๔) ปกปิดการกระทำความผิดนั้น หรือ (๕) ให้พ้นจากการจับกุม ผู้นั้นกระทำความผิดฐานชิงทรัพย์ ต้องระวางโทษจำคุกตั้งแต่ห้าปีถึงสิบปี และปรับตั้งแต่หนึ่งแสนบาทถึงสองแสนบาท ถ้าความผิดนั้นเป็นการกระทำที่ประกอบด้วยลักษณะดังที่บัญญัติไว้ในอนุมาตราหนึ่งอนุมาตราใดแห่งมาตรา ๓๓๕ หรือเป็นการกระทำต่อทรัพย์ที่เป็นโค กระบือ เครื่องกลหรือเครื่องจักรที่ผู้มีอาชีพกสิกรรมมีไว้สำหรับประกอบกสิกรรม ผู้กระทำต้องระวางโทษจำคุกตั้งแต่สิบปีถึงสิบห้าปี และปรับตั้งแต่สองแสนบาทถึงสามแสนบาท ถ้าการชิงทรัพย์เป็นเหตุให้ผู้อื่นรับอันตรายแก่กายหรือจิตใจ ผู้กระทำต้องระวางโทษจำคุกตั้งแต่สิบปีถึงยี่สิบปี และปรับตั้งแต่สองแสนบาทถึงสี่แสนบาท ถ้าการชิงทรัพย์เป็นเหตุให้ผู้อื่นรับอันตรายสาหัส ผู้กระทำต้องระวางโทษจำคุกตั้งแต่สิบห้าปีถึงยี่สิบปี และปรับตั้งแต่สามแสนบาทถึงสี่แสนบาท ถ้าการชิงทรัพย์เป็นเหตุให้ผู้อื่นถึงแก่ความตาย ผู้กระทำต้องระวางโทษประหารชีวิต หรือจำคุกตลอดชีวิต หมายเหตุ: [อัตราโทษ แก้ไขเพิ่มเติมโดยมาตรา ๑๐ แห่งพระราชบัญญัติแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมประมวลกฎหมายอาญา (ฉบับที่ ๒๖) พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐]
English translation
Whoever commits theft by using violence, or by threatening immediately to use violence, in order to:
(1) facilitate the theft or the carrying away of the property;
(2) obtain delivery of the property;
(3) retain the property;
(4) conceal the commission of the offence; or
(5) escape arrest,commits the offence of robbery and shall be liable to imprisonment from five to ten years and a fine from one hundred thousand to two hundred thousand baht.
Where the offence has the characteristics of any sub-paragraph of Section 335, or is committed against cattle, buffalo, machinery or mechanical equipment held by a person following the occupation of agriculture for that agriculture, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment from ten to fifteen years and a fine from two hundred thousand to three hundred thousand baht.
Where the robbery causes harm to the body or mind of another person, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment from ten to twenty years and a fine from two hundred thousand to four hundred thousand baht.
Where the robbery causes grievous bodily harm to another person, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment from fifteen to twenty years and a fine from three hundred thousand to four hundred thousand baht.
Where the robbery causes the death of another person, the offender shall be liable to death or to imprisonment for life.
ThaiLawOnline translation, written from the Thai original and verified
Firm annotation
Robbery under Section 339 is aggravated theft: it combines the taking of another's property (theft) with force, or the immediate threat of force, directed to one of the five listed purposes. The force or threat distinguishes robbery from ordinary theft under Section 334 and from extortion under Section 337, where the victim is induced to give property rather than having it taken by force. The base band is five to ten years with a fine of 100,000 to 200,000 baht, but the section carries four heavier tiers of its own: ten to fifteen years where the robbery has any characteristic listed in Section 335 or is committed against cattle, buffalo, machinery or mechanical equipment held by an agriculturist; ten to twenty years where it causes harm to the body or mind of another person; fifteen to twenty years where it causes grievous bodily harm; and death or imprisonment for life where it causes death. Where three or more offenders act together the offence becomes gang-robbery under Section 340, and Section 340 ter adds a one-half enhancement where the offender wears or fakes a military or police uniform, carries or uses a firearm or an explosive, or uses a vehicle to commit the offence, carry the property away or escape arrest.
Why this matters in practice
Robbery is a serious, non-compoundable offence, so repaying the victim does not end the case, though it may mitigate sentence. Exposure starts at a five-year minimum and runs, within Section 339 itself, to ten to twenty years where bodily or mental harm is caused, fifteen to twenty years for grievous bodily harm, and death or imprisonment for life where the robbery causes death, so the result of the robbery matters as much as the taking. Common defence themes are whether force or an immediate threat of force actually accompanied the taking (which separates robbery from plain theft), and whether the accused shared the intent behind the taking. Where the prosecution has not charged and proved an aggravating feature, the court cannot convict of the more serious form on its own initiative. If a uniform, a firearm or explosive, or a vehicle was involved, expect Section 340 ter to be added. Learn more about criminal law in Thailand.
Décisions de la Cour suprême interprétant cette section
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 811/2568 (2025)
Robbery in which the offender conceals his face so that he cannot be seen or recognised has a characteristic listed in Section 335(5), and therefore falls under Section 339 paragraph two, which carries ten to fifteen years. The separate use of a vehicle to commit the offence, carry the property away or escape arrest attracts the one-half enhancement in Section 340 ter.
The defendant rode away from his home without a crash helmet and put on a full-face helmet only shortly before snatching the victim's helmet, which the court read as an intention to hide his face rather than as compliance with the Land Traffic Act. The trial court had convicted under Section 339 paragraph one with Section 340 ter and imposed seven years. The Court of Appeal Region 1 varied that to Section 339 paragraph two read with Section 335(5) and Section 340 ter and imposed fifteen years, halved to seven years six months under Section 78 for the guilty plea, and the Supreme Court upheld that characterisation.
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Arrêt de la Cour suprême n° 1546/2568 (2025)
A conviction for robbery rests on the elements charged and proved; where the prosecution has not established an uncharged aggravating feature such as theft with a weapon, the court cannot substitute that more serious characterization.
The defendant was convicted under Section 339(1). The Supreme Court noted it could not convict of the uncharged aggravated form of theft with a weapon where the facts to support it had not been established at trial.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 454 Supreme Court decisions (1959 to 2025)
Décisions de citation sélectionnées
- Decision 811/2568 (2025)
- Decision 12079/2558 (2015)
- Decision 3116/2558 (2015)
- Decision 5891/2557 (2014)
- Decision 4166/2557 (2014)
- Decision 19406/2555 (2012)
- Decision 13642/2555 (2012)
- Decision 3656/2555 (2012)
Cette liste est sélectionnée automatiquement, en privilégiant les jugements qui reposent sur cet article plutôt que sur ceux qui se contentent de le citer lors du prononcé de la peine. Elle n'a pas encore été examinée par le cabinet.
Le plus souvent cité aux côtés de
- Article 83 240
- Article 78 208
- Article 340 ter 207
- Article 91 163
- Article 371 100
- Article 80 86
Sections qui apparaissent le plus souvent dans les mêmes jugements que celui-ci. Le chiffre correspond au nombre de décisions.
Calculé sur l'ensemble du corpus de 83 652 décisions de la Cour suprême du cabinet, de 1921 à 2026. Le décompte est exhaustif ; la plage d'années indiquée élimine les valeurs aberrantes rares afin de refléter la répartition réelle des citations. Ces chiffres sont calculés par nos soins et ne constituent pas des statistiques officielles de la Cour. Comment nous les comptons et ce que nous avons mesuré
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce qui fait qu'un vol devient un vol qualifié en Thaïlande ?
En vertu de l'article 339, le vol devient un vol qualifié lorsque l'auteur utilise la force, ou menace d'utiliser la force immédiatement, pour l'un des objectifs énumérés tels que faciliter la prise ou échapper à l'arrestation.
Quelle est la peine encourue pour vol qualifié ?
The base penalty in Section 339 is imprisonment from five to ten years and a fine from one hundred thousand to two hundred thousand baht. The section then escalates on its own terms: ten to fifteen years where the robbery has any characteristic listed in Section 335 or is committed against a farmer's cattle, buffalo or machinery; ten to twenty years where it causes bodily or mental harm; fifteen to twenty years where it causes grievous bodily harm; and death or imprisonment for life where it causes death. Gang-robbery by three or more offenders is a separate offence under Section 340.
Le vol qualifié est-il susceptible de faire l'objet d'une transaction si le bien est restitué ?
Non. Le vol qualifié n'est pas une infraction susceptible de transaction, donc la restitution du bien ou le remboursement de la victime ne mettent pas fin à l'affaire, même si cela peut réduire la peine.
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Citer cette section
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Citation simple
Penal Code, s. 339 (Thailand) -
Citation académique
Penal Code (Thailand), s. 339. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-339/ (accessed 30 août 2026). -
Citation thaïlandaise
ป.อ. มาตรา 339 -
Lien permanent
https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-339/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-339/"><p>Whoever commits theft by using violence, or by threatening immediately to use violence, in order to: (1) facilitate the theft or the carrying away of the property; (2) obtain delivery of the property; (3) retain the property; (4) conceal the commission of the offence; or…</p><footer>Penal Code, s. 339 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/fr/thai-penal-code/section-339/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
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